Tag: <span>Variable level system</span>

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With the increasing number of aged and disabled persons in the United States, the need for accessibility products including residential elevators are on the rise. Having a mobility product installed on your premises is not a difficult proposition anymore, as all major accessibility equipment manufacturers are now offering their residential mobility products at highly affordable rates. Savaria Concord is a pioneer in the accessibility products manufacturing industry, having a wide range of products for both residential and commercial requirements. For clients who are looking for an affordable and efficient residential elevator, Savaria Concord Eclipse Elevator is the ideal choice.

This accessibility equipment from them is easy to install and maintain as no costly modifications are required to be made at your home or premises. As the unit does not require separate room for machine installations, the space requirements are also less. All Savaria Concord Eclipse elevators are built with highly durable components which are the same used in commercial accessibility equipments. So these are capable of ensuring a smooth and comfortable ride for years. Savaria Concord’s Eclipse elevators come with lots of standard features and specifications and some of these include:

o Automatic 2HP-geared roller chain variable frequency drive

o Optional load carrying capacity of 750 lbs, 950 lbs and 1000 lbs

o Rated speed of 40 feet per minute

o Energy efficient variable speed motor drive

o Door interlocks

o Green drive energy return system

o Emergency cab lights

All Savaria Concord Eclipse elevators possess the latest safety features for ensuring a trouble-free ride. The safety features provided include battery powered emergency landing and manual lowering hand crank to tackle situations when the regular power supply has failed. The slack chain brake system also adds to the high level of safety in the Eclipse elevator.

This mobility product has a wide range of customization options to suit varying interior decors of traditional and modern homes. Customers have the choice of selecting their favorite cab styles and required sizes from various collections available.

All Savaria Concord Eclipse elevators are given a 36 months limited warranty for repairs and replacements of defective parts. With authorized accessibility equipment service centers and company trained technicians operating throughout the US, all servicing and maintenance jobs for the Savaria Concord Eclipse elevator are being provided in a professional and time-bound manner.

Considering the various value-added features, we can see that the Savaria Concord is the best suited model for residential use. Apart from providing total freedom of movement to the disabled and the aged, having these mobility products installed in your home can also add to the resale value of your home.

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Source by Anthony Robbins R

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Immersion mixers are very useful pieces of catering equipment because of their small size and versatility. Many chefs enjoy using immersion mixers because it makes their food preparation an easier task. The Micromix Power Mixer is a unit that is convenient to use in any kitchen. Let’s take a look at the benefits and features of this catering equipment.

The Micromix Power Mixer is a lightweight unit that weighs only 1.4 kilograms and is only 43 centimetres long. This makes it easy to handle and to use when blending or mixing. It is great for mixing vegetables, blending soup or smoothing sauces directly in the pot. Consequently, you don’t need to remove the contents from the pot, place it in a blender to mix it then back into the pot. This saves you time and energy. Plus you have fewer dishes to wash. It is also great with pureeing vegetables for babies who are introduced to solid foods.

This particular unit has a stainless steel knife, bell and tube which makes it a hygienic piece of catering equipment. Stainless steel is a material that can be easily cleaned and maintained, which is ideal for any kitchen set up. This material is also long lasting and durable so you are assured that it will maintain its form for a number of years.

The Micromix Power Mixer has a removable foot and knife which is a unique feature for this type of catering equipment. In fact, Robot Coupe, the manufacturer of this catering equipment, has patented this system. In addition the foot is equipped with a three level water tight system. Therefore no liquid will enter the unit although it is submerged in a liquid while it is busy mixing or blending.

It is manufactured with an MP240 combi metal gearbox which gives it a better ability when processing pan cakes or fresh mashed potatoes. It has a single phase power output of 220 to 240 volts and a variable speed of 1500 to 14000 RPM. It is a powerful unit despite its small stature. It is made for daily use so you can rest assured that it won’t cut out while you are blending soup.

The Micromix Power Mixer is a formidable piece of catering equipment that has unique and interesting features in addition to being ergonomically designed and aesthetically pleasing. For chefs, it makes the task of blending and mixing an easy and quick one; and that is a very attractive quality in any type of catering equipment.

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Source by Stana Peete

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A MAJOR shortcut and time-saver for watering emu chicks

The best method is to use a small gravity controlled waterer. These are available online. To work properly, it will need to have a consistent pressure. Most systems do not provide a consistent water pressure. To insure this, use a pressure regulator (variable) set on about 20 pounds of pressure. This is well below any normal pressure, yet plenty to operate your waterers. This insures your chicks don’t run out of fresh, clean water and they only need to be cleaned every three days or so.

Emu chicks require a LOT of water and without a system to provide it, YOU will need to check water several times a day AND they will need to be cleaned several times a day. Emu chicks make a huge mess with regular floor-level waterers. A gravity controlled waterer is the best system by far. It is easy and inexpensive to build a PVC stand for the waterer to hang from and you can use just about any configuration as long as the waterer hangs an inch or so off the floor.

A MAJOR shortcut and time-saver for watering adult emus

All outdoor water systems need to be 100% underground. Black poly pipe is best to use, it’s long lasting, economical, and durable. Wherever you need a faucet, install a plastic water-meter box with a plastic faucet inside. Be sure the faucet isn’t in the middle of the box, but on one end to allow room for connecting a water hose. The box should be left about two inches above ground level.

Drill a 1½ “hole in one end and run a hose through it to the faucet. Your waterers can be plastic tubs with a float that attaches to the side. The tub needs to sit on a stand of some sort to keep the birds from getting in it. Anything will do. Treated 2″ x 4″s work best. Just make four legs about 14” long with a couple of braces on top for the tub to rest on.

Now, you have water available to connect to a waterer and it can be moved. Emus make a mess around waterers and this allows you to move them.

A MAJOR Necessity Is a Water System Backup

Adult emus require a lot of water. If you are on a public system, it needs to be dependable. Depending on how many emus you have, a backup water system could be necessary. Our main watering system for the emus at Emu Oil Depot is a well from our lake. Our backup watering system is from our regular well.

The main watering system from the lake requires everything a normal water well does. It requires a pump, a 220-volt circuit, and a tank. The only difference between this and a regular well is the water supply. One is from the lake and the other is from an underground water table. If your main water system goes out, it isn’t possible to water a lot of emus without a backup of some kind so be sure you’re prepared!

Again, shortcuts make it better for you the rancher AND the birds!

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Source by Ray Magness

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For every Forex trader a successful trading depends on certain variables. It can be the trader’s skill level, the schedule formulation of the currencies, the experience level and the quality of the training the trader has undergone. However there is one variable that seem to be overlooked when people have assessed the overall strategy for trading. There are many traders who already lost the game much before than they have executed their strategies. It is all in the human mind. The psychology of a trader is the most important and many a times has been overlooked by traders, trainers and experts.

Once a Forex trader has the right frame of mind, they are a way ahead of other traders and seem to win trades consistently. However, the problem lies in understanding and learning on how to develop the right mental attitude for trade. Therefore, apart from the learning the techniques and fundamentals of trading, developing he right psychology is most important than anything else.

Check these out.

9 out of 10 people are looking for quick profits; rather they are looking for shortcuts. But in Forex millions of people trade but only number of people earns the biggies because they know the right approach towards the market. Start trading with a mentality that you are at a four year university and here you will not be expected to gush out all learning from schooling within 120 minutes. Therefore go slow and let the opportunities come your way. However, according to experts building a mentality for learning is the best way to approach Forex trading.

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Source by Mark Crisp

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Hit the weights hard! You’ve gotten this advice over and over-it’s been drilled into your head. But even after putting in hour after hour at the gym you have little to show for your efforts. What the heck is wrong? “Is my form bad?” you ask. “Am I training hard enough?” “Am I training too hard?”

Unfortunately, this scenario is all too common. To determine what is wrong we have to look at all aspects of our training. How many sets are we doing for each muscle group? Which exercises are we using in our training? Are we overtraining? Or could it be that our muscles and central nervous system (CNS) have become used to all of the training we have been doing and now refuse to add even an ounce of new muscle to our physique?

The fact is our bodies are incredibly skillful at adapting to the training stimulus that we subject them to. This is because our ancestors hunted for their food and exhausted themselves physically to survive or they would have starved. While weight training we subject our bodies to a similar stress. So it goes without saying we are destined to hit a sticking point if we train the same way week in and week out. We need to change things up to continue to improve. One of the ways to do this is to modify the intensity of effort and volume of our training.

If your training is the high volume variety, try increasing the intensity and trimming the amount of sets. For example, if your arm routine consists of 15 sets each for biceps and triceps, stopping all sets 2 reps before failure, reduce the sets to 8 and end all sets 1 rep before failure. Do this for four weeks then change things up by ending all sets at failure using a set count of 2-3 per muscle group. This cyclical training changes the intensity of effort and volume of training to prevent the body from becoming acclimated to the current training demands. The best gains in muscle size and strength will come at the higher intensity phases because of the higher demands placed on the muscles.

The Formula For Successful Bodybuilding

The formula that is the basis of the strategy in this article states: The higher the intensity of effort the lower the volume. As a bodybuilder increases his/her intensity of effort through “To Failure Training” or HIT variables, the less sets are needed to maximize gains and prevent overtraining. Conversely the opposite is true, if the intensity is decreased the volume, or set count should be increased slightly.

Failure To Improve When Over-training Is Not The Culprit

If you haven’t been making the progress you feel you should be and have determined that over-training isn’t the culprit, there are a number of other reasons for the lack of results you’ve been experiencing. They are:

Age (can no longer improve; focus on maintenance or slow regression)

Genetics (reached a peak; can no longer improve in muscle size or strength)

Over-adaptation (mentally bored; lack of motivation; physically adapted to stimulus) Previous Demands (each set performed diminishes subsequent workout capacity) Insufficient Demands (lack of stimulus -i.e., intensity, sets, or frequency to cause a sufficient alarm reaction)

Pay attention to what your body tells you and keep a realistic set of goals. It could be that you have attained all of the muscle size and strength your body is capable of.

Wrong Selection of Training Routines

Many of us attempt to follow top champion bodybuilders’ routines because we feel since they have achieved much success in the sport by training using these routines we should use them too. The truth of the matter is many of these routines are not what the bodybuilder is actually using. They appear in articles meant to impress the reader with the bodybuilder and to further his career.

These bodybuilders are using chemical-enhancement, that is steroids, human growth hormone, insulin and other anabolic drugs. These drugs allow the champion to over train on a regular basis because they increase the body’s recuperative abilities and cause positive nitrogen balance, causing the muscles to rapidly grow. Unfortunately they also lead to many health problems such as heart disease, kidney failure and cancer, to name a few.

The ideal training routine is one which is designed around the present conditioning, the recuperative abilities and the goals of the bodybuilder. Remember to design it around the intensity principle outlined above.

Sample Variable Intensity Program For Arms

Phase 1

The first phase is similar to what is done by beginning bodybuilders. Emphasis is placed on form and the learning of proper exercise technique instead of heavy, intense training.

Complete the desired exercises using good form, stopping the set two reps before hitting failure (the point where no more reps are possible).

barbell curls-1×10

concentration curls-1×12

seated palms-facing pull-downs-1×12

standing triceps push-downs-1×12

standing triceps kickbacks-1×12

standing bar dips-1×12

Phase 2

The second phase increases the intensity of effort by ending all sets one rep before failure. We will keep the set count at three each.

machine curls-1×10

seated incline curls-1×12

seated palms-facing pull-downs-1×10

lying triceps extensions-1×10

seated triceps overhead extensions-1×12

close-grip bench presses-1×12

Phase 3

The third phase is where we take all sets to the point of muscular failure. Load the bar or weight machine with a weight that causes you to put all-out effort to complete the desired amount of reps. Don’t stop when you hit your rep count; attempt to grind out more reps. This causes you to overload your muscles and add weight every workout which will lead to additional muscle growth. Since we are increasing the level of intensity we will be reducing the set volume to two sets for both muscles.

concentration curls-1×12

bent over palms-facing barbell rows-1×10

angled-forward cable triceps extensions-1×12

seated machine triceps dips-1×8

Now that I’ve outlined all three phases of this HIT periodization schedule, begin to use it in your training by working with each phase for 3 weeks before progressing to the next one.

Now hit the iron!

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Source by David R Groscup

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The probe station unit has undergone numerous technological advances over the past decade. Researchers now have more options to choose from which is beneficial but can make it difficult to effectively compare unique probe station units prior to purchasing. This tool represents a significant financial investment so it is important to select the best solution for today and tomorrow. Fortunately, focusing on five key characteristics can make the comparison process easier and more accurate.

1. With the growing popularity of cryogenic measurements time-consuming wiring of an on-wafer device is no longer necessary. Today’s platforms allow for visualization and electrical interrogation of multiple wafer level devices. Unfortunately, this comes with a trade-off. Optical access to inflexible probing of a device can transfer heat loads from the probe arm to the device being tested. To minimize this effect, it is essential the probe station unit has some type of shield or other technology to reduce thermal radiation on the sample. Multiple experiments have shown that even the smallest amount of thermal radiation transfer can alter the end results.

2. Another characteristic to compare before purchasing a probe station unit is the ability to make automated variable temperature measurements. Traditionally, probe arms are anchored to the sample stage and the probe tip will move as the sample stage warms. This makes it difficult to automate variable temperature measurements because the probes must be lifted and re-landed for any noticeable temperature transition. The ability to create stable tip position which allows for continuous measurements is critical. Not only does it ensure accuracy but it also provides increased measurement functionality.

3. The sample holders on the probe station unit must be compared as well. Most units offer a variety of sample holders to choose from. Popular options include a grounded sample holder, co-axle sample holder, and isolated sample holder although several additional options are available as well. When comparing units, it is critical to ensure researchers can use the necessary sample holder required to accurately complete their experiment.

4. The probe station units’ vision system is critical to compare before purchasing. This system is responsible for distinguishing characteristics of the sample and properly landing probes. Depending upon the experiment the level of detail provided by the vision system varies. Thus, researchers must consider current experiments as well as future needs when comparing vision systems.

5. The final characteristic to compare before purchasing a probe station unit is overall system versatility. Considering the significant upfront cost, it is imperative researchers make the most out of their unit by selecting an option which allows for successful research utilizing a variety of methods. As more probe station units become customizable or modular overall flexibility and research capabilities continue to expand.

Considering the significant financial investment required to purchase a quality probe station unit it is not surprising how much time and resources are used to accurately compare available options. By focusing on the five key characteristics an accurate comparison can be completed quickly and easily.

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Source by Rosario Berry

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It’s no secret that roughly half of your energy goes to heating and cooling your home or commercial space. If you wish to lower your utility bills, it’s important for you to make smart decisions when it comes to your HVAC system.

If your HVAC repair costs keep rising and your system isn’t performing efficiently anymore, it may be time for an upgrade. An HVAC upgrade will not only lead to a significant difference in your electricity bills, but also bring about a positive change in your comfort level.

In this article, we’ll take a look at five amazing benefits of upgrading your HVAC system.

Comfort Control

Once you upgrade your HVAC system, you’ll be able to control the indoor temperature and ensure that it meets the comfort needs of your family. You’ll be able to program your system so the temperature in every room is adjusted automatically and everyone can feel comfortable.

Reduced Carbon Footprint

As environmental concerns continue to increase in severity, going green is imperative for most home and business owners. Upgrading to a new and improved HVAC system will not only be great for your wallet in the long term but also for the environment.

There are some higher efficiency systems available in the market that utilize one-third less fuel as opposed to older models. This means there’ll be less waste and better preservation of the natural resources.

Increased Resale Value

Are you planning to sell your property? It’s important for you to consider that when buyers evaluate any property, they typically examine the HVAC system and its quality before they can decide whether they should make the final investment or not.

They also consider the operating cost of the system before making the purchase. So, if you want to increase your property’s resale value, it’s advisable that you upgrade to a better and more efficient HVAC system.

Healthier Air

Upgrading HVAC systems will make the air inside your home or commercial space a lot cleaner because newer HVAC systems come with variable speed motors than will allow you to ensure there’s constant air flow and sufficient ventilation.

This is great for people with asthma or allergies because breathing in low-quality air can cause further health complications for them. The new filtration system will make sure that pollutants don’t enter your home, allowing you to keep the health of all the inhabitants as a topmost priority.

Lower Repair Costs

Installing a new system also means that all the parts and the unit as a whole will be under warranty for at least a few years. Even though the upfront cost may be higher, you won’t have to spend as much on maintenance and repair costs for a long time, especially if you take proper care of your HVAC system.

Improving the efficiency of HVAC systems is a priority for most home and business owners and understandably so. If your system is quite old and isn’t working efficiently anymore, it may be time for you take the leap and replace it with a better and improved unit.

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Source by Mike Petty

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1 Introduction:

Starting from short haul operation strategy, Air Asia airline in south-east Asia provides cost effective flying solutions for travelers. To formulate this cost effecting strategy, Air Asia first determine different cost such as capital, fixed, variable, maintenance, labor, fuel, facility, inventory, environment and technology cost to establish new point to point airline service. To investigate different kinds of cost Air Asia first identify potential market in south-east Asia by strong commitment at all level of services; for instance in safety, security, customer service and benefits. Air Asia also established their strategy by building strategic alliances with other airlines. This low cost strategy from Air Asia airline also proven to be formidable puzzle of interest as different proportion of constant changing variables affect on policy making, segmenting market, inventory control, yield system and so on. Basically, implementing such strategy was indeed complex in nature for example, providing direct services between two destinations route increase LOS (level of service) but on the contrary if the airline does not fill up with sufficient passenger then the airline surely will incur huge losses..

2 Different Cost Analysis of Air Asia:

2.1 Capital cost:

For Air Asia, capital cost is associated with initial setup of project, generally which occur at the beginning of project likewise, investment or buying airplane, cargo, aircraft, lands, buildings, construction, alternative route, high speed train (HST) facilities for different route and so on. Recently, Air Asia is going to expand its market in air cargo which again asking for lots of capital investment. Though, airline capital investments is highly intensive and most of the potential project failed due to limited funds. For example, MAXjet airways, EOS and SilverJet all failed at the initial stage of capital investment only because lack of funding and competitive business models (Wensveen, Leick, 2009). Thus, Air Asia is required to understand this issue for successful business require sufficient amount of capital investment at initial phase.

2.2 Fixed cost:

Here, the price of Air Asia has to be determined on capacity, seats and utilities to minimize total cost. In addition, fixed cost also consist of ticketing operation, ground facilities, airport counter facilities, forward booking and dispatching aircraft from the fleet which can be spread over more passenger as traffic density rises.

2.3 Variable cost:

These costs are determined based on operating, maintenance, labor, fuel, facility, inventory, environmental and technology cost.

3 Operating cost:

The effects of operating cost are un-quantified as the scope of system is varied on point to point service. Here the basic operating costs are administration, ticketing, sales & promotion, passenger service, en-route airport maintenance and landing cost. These operating costs have determined on the level of various operations on airline including air service such as cargo operation, employees.

3.1 Flight operating cost: Is typically associated with aircraft, fleet, flying operation as well as cost related to repairing of equipment and depreciation & amortization.

3.2 Ground operating costs: this cost incurred from handling airport station, landing fees, charges, processing cargo, passenger baggage, travel agency cost, retail ticket office, distribution, commission, reservation, ticket and sales and so on.

3.3 System operating cost: this cost include passenger service cost (i.e. foods, entertainment, flight attendant and in flight service and transport related cost (i.e. regional airline partners providing regional air service, extra baggage expense and miscellaneous overheads.

4 Maintenance Cost:

The next stage is maintenance cost which is related to engine maintenance and components maintenance cost. In 2009, the proportion of engine maintenance cost was 43 percent where component maintenance cost was 20 percent and line maintenance was 17 percent. The maintenance cost also increases due to direct operating cost as for daily air flight operation. Thus, maintenance cost is crucial for our Air Asia because this overhead cost doesn’t depend although it varies to the number of times due to requirement of service, demand or other factors. For example, any break down on engine or component hamper airline services for on time flight or even any disruptions increase additional charges as well as minimizing level of services which eventually drive away passenger.

5 Labor cost:

For Air Asia, labor cost is major factor as it is related with salary, benefits, pay rate for cabin crew, pilot, stuffs and other employees. However, labor cost also includes with aircraft services, cleaning, and passenger handling and catering. For example, providing service for customers likes catering, cleaning or even emergency service during flight require services from stuffs. For these additional services, employers expect to receive additional incentives.

6 Fuel cost:

Constant fluctuations on fuel price are also causes great impact on airline service in terms of competition on point to point service. This has been evident that approximately overall 20 percent operating costs are incurred from fuel, and due to price sensitivity, flexibility and quick responsiveness fuel price causes negative effect on ticket price.

7 Facility cost:

Here all kinds of aircraft, electricity, water, availability of spare equipments, machine, tools, ground maintenance filtering, pipeline and route maintenance costs are related to facility cost.

8 Environmental cost:

Airline industry is usually always remaining under pressure to decrease negative impact on global warming and noise pollution. Growing awareness on environmental issues is becoming a huge challenge now days to introduce new technology, aircraft and new air flight. For example, Singapore airlines attempted to keep its fleet as modern as possible. The new A380 is a cleaner and greener aircraft compared to the Boeing 747 on a per-seat basis but introducing such new service was really costly.

The only solution is to become greener and eco-friendly is adapting technology which doesn’t pollute air and doesn’t increase global warming. For example, eco-friendly gas could be an alternative solution to mitigate this issue as well as reducing costs. In Air Asia, it’s very important to forecast future environmental threats to sustain in market. This cost is hard to eliminate but since Air Asia is based on south-east Asia; rules and regulation are considerably favorable to sustain in market. On the other hand, it’s necessary to forecast estimating cost of environmental tax.

9 Technological costs:

Poor technology like traditional system i.e. manual ticketing, checking system, decrease significant amount of level of service. Though the cost are differentiate but to reduce substantial amount of cost for example, online booking, online assistance, and online information could be minimized by 24/7 online help line. For safety and security, RFID technology or 2D reader, barcode, e-service can be used.

10 Conclusions:

To sum up, cost is always a major factor in all aspects like in marketing, operational, safety, technological, maintenance, environmental for Air Asia. Though cost is flexible in nature and complex but for Air Asia could easily switch their cost due differentiate their market and taking advantage on existing alliance. Here, Air Asia airline need to identify proportion of cost to invest at the right sector over the long period of time. As, the company is already offering 20 percent low flight than competitors; thus, it’s necessary to control cost with proper budgeting, planning and scheduling. In this case, Air Asia can also learn from Jet Asia and Singapore airlines, how these successful companies operate their cost-effective business to sustain in the market.

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Source by Mohammad Yousuf Chowdhury

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Car audio crossovers are a class of electronic filters designed for use in audio applications such as hi-fi. A dynamic loudspeaker driver that is commonly used is incapable of covering the entire audio spectrum all by itself.

Crossovers split the audio signal into separate frequency bands which can be handled by individual loudspeaker drivers optimized for those frequency bands. Let’s take a closer look at Kenwood’s KE-600 Crossover, KPX-F801 Crossover and Kenwood KPX-L101 Crossover.

Kenwood KE-600 Crossover

Kenwood KE-600, one of the most advanced signal processors, is a 6-Way electronic crossover with built-in parametric equalizer and a DC to DC power supply for high voltage outputs and low noise.

It has input selection, phase switching, variable level controls and the following outputs: subwoofer, low-pass, low-cut, high-cut and high-pass. It is a great component for multi-amp installations and is available for around $370.

Features

● DC to DC converter.

● High-frequency output.

● Input selector.

● Different phase switches.

● Subwoofer output from 30Hz to 800Hz (low-pass).

● 6-way multi-amp configuration.

● Variable level controls.

Kenwood KPX-F801 Crossover

Kenwood KPX-F801 Crossover is a 3-way passive crossover network. It is available for around $75.

Features

● Guard circuit that protects against excessive tweeter inputs.

● Special capacitors and inductors for audio purpose.

● Phase inverter switch for midrange and tweeter.

Kenwood KPX-L101 Crossover

Kenwood KPX-L101 Crossover is a low-pass passive crossover network. It is available for $50.

Features

● Special capacitor and inductor for audio purpose.

● 80Hz crossover.

Remember, an audio crossover splits the incoming audio signal into separate bands that do not overlap at all, and which, when added together, gives the signal unchanged in both frequency and phase response.

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Source by Chimezirim Chinecherem Odimba

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A 170 year old electrical technology, called variable switched reluctance (VSR) motors was resurrected in the 1980s with the advent of electronic controllers. The Texas based Le Tiurneau.inc has developed a wheeled front end loader for mining work which use large horsepower VSR motors for its wheel drives. Basically, a VSR motor comprises a rotor and a stator with a coil winding in the stator. The rotor, which consists of a laminated permeable material with teeth, is a passive device with no coil winding or permanent magnets.

The stator typically consists of slots containing a series of coil winding, the energization of which is electronically switched to generate a moving field. When one stator coil is set on, a magnetic flux path is generated around the coil and the rotor. The rotor experiences a torque and is moved in the line with the energized coils, minimizing the flux path. with the approximate switching and energization of the stator coils, the rotor can be encouraged to rotate at any desired torque and speed.

VSR Motors offers the following advantages: Since there are no brushes ringing, there is no requirement of commutator maintenance. the motor is more robust since there are no coils or moving parts. A VSR motor can maintain higher torque and efficiency over broader speed ranges than is possible with other advanced variable speed systems. In addition, as the commutation can be accurately controlled with respect to the rotor angle, the motor will operate at its predicted high efficiency. With VSR technology it is possible to design a low cost motor with over 90% system efficiency and variable speed.

VSR motors can be programmed to precisely match the loads the serve, and their simple rugged construction has no expensive magnets or squirrel cages like the induction motor. VSR motors are smaller than DC motors. VSR motor is inherently resistant to overload and immune to single point failure. They have a high level of fault tolerance and are immune to switching faults. According t a spokesman of Le Tourneau, While the initial cost of SR motor and control is a little more expensive than standard DC system, in the failure, there may be little or no difference in the manufacturing costs due to decreasing prices of electronic components. VSR motors are not without their drawbacks, however. The most significant downside is the acoustic noise and the large vibration caused by the motor’s high pulsating magnetic flux. Another limitation is torque ripple. But while these drawbacks have an effect in small horsepower VSR motors, they are of no significance in large horsepower traction motors.

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Source by Praise Paul