Toyota Corolla Vs Honda Accord

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Germans lead the pack when it comes to delivering the high quality, high performance automobiles. But there are some Japanese manufacturers that have managed to give the Germans a competition of its kind. Japanese car manufacturers have reported great sales numbers, thanks in large part to the cost benefit the Asian car makers get as opposed to their western counterparts. But this is not always just the cost arbitrage at play; the incorporation of a number of innovative best practices is becoming increasingly visible. Toyota and Honda are two Japanese companies that have emerged in a big way and are giving the westerners a run for the buck. In this review we will be comparing two Japanese marvels i.e. Toyota Corolla and Honda Accord. Both these cars are catering to the mid and full size car markets. Both of these models have seen great success. It is worth noting that as per industry estimates every two minutes three Toyota Corolla cars are sold. Honda Accord has also been a success based on its reputation of being one of the most reliable cars in the world.

Toyota Corolla is available in three trim levels which are Corolla, Corolla S and Corolla LE. The engine used in all the trims is a 1.8 liter DOHC 16 Valve 4 Cylinder with Dual Variable Valve Timing with intelligence technology. This engine can deliver up to 132 hp at 6000 rpm and the maximum torque of 128 pound feet at 4400 rpm. It has an electronic ignition system with Toyota Direct Ignition technology. This is a front wheel drive vehicle. One can choose between a five speed manual transmission and a four speed automatic transmission, although the LE version comes only with the four speed auto transmission. The manual transmission option provides a better fuel economy. On the other hand, Honda Accord is available in a two door coupe model or a four door sedan. The engine comes in two options: a 2.4 liter four cylinder engine with five speed auto or manual transmission and a 3.5 liter V6 engine which gives only automatic five speed transmission. The power and torque generated varies based on the trim level you choose. It may range between 177 hp to 271 hp and 161 pound feet to 251 pound feet.

Coming to the interiors, Toyota Corolla offers sport fabric trimmed adjustable front seats and fabric trimmed rear seats. Another element of the standard equipment is tilt telescoping steering wheel that has audio controls and metallic accents. You get air conditioning with air filter as well. Honda Accord gets minor updates though. The spacious cabin is filled with high quality materials with an ample elbow room. The interiors are quite comfortable and roomy though. The steering wheel has a number of controls that eases the driver not to wander here and there for common tasks.

On the outside, Toyota Corolla looks fine, not ugly as such. But you would see some better looking competitors though. The new Honda Accord sports an updated front grille, rear deck wheels and bumpers. The looks of Accord are somehow better than what you get in a Corolla. So, in this attribute, the Honda wins over.

Toyota Corolla price starts from $15,900 whereas Honda Accord price starts at $21,380 and so there is a little gap between the rivals and this draws the buyers attention to Corolla a lot. It’s a good choice and worth the price.

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Source by Amit Vicky Ahuja

What Are The Compliance/Enforcement Considerations For Gluten-Free Products

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The Gluten-Free Rule allows food free of gluten by nature to bear a gluten-free labeling claim provided it meets all FDA requirements for a gluten-free food. The rule also allow manufacturers to place the voluntary gluten-free claim anywhere on the food label as long as it does not interfere with the mandatory labeling information.

Compliance/Enforcement Considerations for FDA

Any food product bearing a gluten-free claim must meet the rule’s requirement or be subject to FDA’s enforcement. For FDA-regulated foods that have an outdated gluten-free claim on the label, the length of time given to such product to be cycled off grocery store shelves will vary depending on inventory, product shelf-life, consumer popularity of the product and other variables. FDA ensures compliance by using its routine post marketing monitoring activities such as: Sampling, periodic inspections of manufacturing facilities, conducting food label reviews, follow-up on consumer and industry complaints, conducting gluten analyses of food samples.

Compliance/enforcement considerations for manufacturers and suppliers

The pathways to accomplish compliance are as follows: Product testing to determine the gluten level but testing alone is not sufficient to ensure gluten compliance. Other measures are: Investing in quality management system that evaluates suppliers assurance, Good manufacturing practices (GMPs) and ongoing training.

Compliance/Enforcement Considerations for Retailers and Specifiers

Retailers must have confidence in their sources of gluten-free products by implementing a structured supplier qualification program. This includes verification through supplier certification or internal verification testing, applying in-store, separation and hygiene rules.

Supplier Compliance Regulations

Treat supplier compliance as an extension of your own business process. Suppliers could be third-party organizations but they are also extension of your enterprise. Therefore enforce compliance standard, policies and activities in your supply chain with same level of diligence and commitment that is applied within your organization. To create a truly compliant and risk aware supply chain, you choose the right suppliers based on a third-party risk assessment. Know who you are doing business with, beyond just your tier 1 suppliers. Learn who your suppliers’ suppliers are. Try to learn their corporate and compliance objectives and only choose those whose objectives align with yours.

Supplier Assurance Evaluation

In order to creditably support gluten claims companies must have: Control for gluten in the supply chain at every step. Suppliers must be able to deliver, produce and document a consistently gluten-free ingredient, which involves having appropriate procedures for communicating any changes in their ingredients that may affect gluten status, assessment of processes and sub-ingredients, assessing suppliers’ certification, assessing suppliers’ internal monitoring program, and pre-shipment verification testing.

Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs)

The suppliers’ program should be supported with GMPs that prevents cross-contamination and co-mingles gluten-free ingredients with others. This includes separation and segregation, managing and limiting people and equipment traffic across the site, dedicated and easily distinguishable equipment, appropriately validated cleaning regimes, sufficient space around equipment and between production lines to ensure cleaning is effective and to facilitate adequate inspection and maintenance, and prevention and/or mitigation of the potential for airborne impacts.

If a manufacturer uses a gluten-free claim on its packaging, but do not meet the requirements of the FDA, the product could be deemed misbranded. The regulatory actions of FDA against misbranded products include: Monetary penalties, no-sale orders, product seizures or injunctions. All companies looking to export requires to be aware of other region’s requirements for gluten-free claims. In general, the 20ppm requirement of the FDA rule is consistent with international standards including Codex Alimentarius Commission’s revised Codex Standards for Foods for Special Dietary Use of Persons Intolerant to Gluten. European Commission Regulation No 41/2009 that concerns the composition and labeling of foodstuffs suitable for people intolerant to gluten. Codex Standard, European Commission Regulation. Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code and Health Canada included oat as gluten- containing grains whereas the US final rule does not.

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Source by Deepthi J

How to Bulletproof Your Nissan Patrol’s ZD30 Engine

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If you own a Y61/GU Nissan Patrol with a ZD30 3.0ltr turbo diesel engine, these are invaluable tips to help you increase the life expectancy of your engine……

The ZD30 engine has suffered a poor reputation for premature failures including melting/cracking pistons and overboosting, largely due to some common issues. These engines run a variable vain turbocharger with boost controlled by the ECU, and to meet stringent european emission standards run an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. Running fairly high boost levels from factory causes the ZD30 to be a heavy breathing engine and oil vapour is forced into the inlet tract contaminating the Mass Air Flow sensor (MAF), working its way through the intercooler and into the inlet manifold. The EGR system can turn this oil vapour into a thick tar like consistency, blocking inlet runners, which in turn can lead to some cylinders running rich and some lean, resulting in melted pistons…

What can be done to maximize engine life?

1. Fit an oil/air seperator (catch can). This will reduce the amount of oil vapour/blowby entering the air inlet system.

2. Regularly clean the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor located in the inlet pipe near the airbox. A contaminated MAF sensor can cause faulty signals to the ECU resulting in overboosting. Suitable MAF cleaners are available from your local auto parts store.

3. Fit a boost gauge and an exhaust gas temperature (EGT) gauge. Whilst this won’t prevent anything, it will give you a heads up of any warning signs.

4. Fit a free flowing exhaust system, this will lower EGT’s dramatically. We fit and recommend 3″ mandrel bent exhaust systems.

5. Never fit a “Chip” without doing the exhaust system as well. A chip will increase the amount of fuel into the engine, increasing your exhaust gas temperatures, so a free flowing exhaust system is required to lower the EGT’s. We use and recommend Steinbauer and DP chips.

6. If you are noticing boost pressure spikes over 20psi (upto 25psi is not uncommon), fit a boost limiting device such as a dawes valve. These can be set so that the turbo can’t boost over say 18psi…… This is a bandaid not a cure, as their will be other issues causing the overboosting.

7. If your intercooler looks as though it has oil leaking from it, it can also leak boost pressure. Replacement units where the tanks are welded on instead of the factory crimp fittings are available.

8. Have your inlet manifold removed and cleaned. We have seen inlet runners closest to the EGR almost 50% blocked.

9. Although illegal, their are EGR blank off kits available.

10. ZD30’s need regular oil changes, every 5000k is recommended.

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Source by Jeffrey Graham Jones

Diagnosing Repair Problem Parts On The NSS Pony 20 SCA

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The NSS Pony 20 SCA is the largest walk behind carpet extractor that National Super Service produces. It has a large 20 gallon tank that allows the unit to clean large carpeted areas quickly and efficiently. Overall this is one of the best carpet extractors produced for the janitorial industry. Although this machine is extremely dependable and durable, over time parts can breakdown and it may need to be repaired. The Pony 20 SCA is a simple machine with just five major components that can fail. These components are the gear drive motor, vacuum motor, brush motor, pump and solenoid valve. It is quite simple to diagnose these parts and quickly repair them. When replacing parts on the NSS Pony 20 SCA is important to use OEM National Super Service parts to ensure that the machine runs correctly after repair.

The Pony 20 SCA is a self-drive unit with variable speed that can cover large areas rapidly. The drive system on this unit is powered by a 120 volt gear motor that powers the wheel assembly. The drive motor is connected to the wheel assembly by a chain, if the drive system goes bad and the machine does not move there are four components which could be bad. The first and largest of these components is the gear motor itself, this can be tested by running direct power to the motor to see if it powers up. The second component is the speed control Board which increases or decreases the amount of voltage going to the motor depending on the speed at which the machine needs to run. On the lever assembly there is a dead man’s switch which turns the brush motor on and off. Over time switch components can wear down and fail and may need to be replaced. The last component that can fail is the circuit breaker, which over time can wear out and prematurely overload. The circuit breaker is a three amp 120 volt unit that when overloaded will close the circuit to the brush motor. The other reason that this breaker will shutdown is if the brush motor is drawing more than 3 amps, this may be caused by bad bearings on the drive wheel or something caught around the wheel impeding it from going forwards or backwards.

The Pony 20 SCA recovers solution from the carpet by an internal vacuum motor which sucks the water up through the vacuum shoe on the rear of the unit into the recovery tank. If you experience loss of suction it is important to check all seals and gaskets are clean and working condition. One of the main reasons for loss of suction is a damaged dome gasket located on the top of the machine. Any holes and cracks in this dome gasket will cause vacuum leaks and you will experience loss of suction. Before looking at the vacuum motor as a culprit also check the vacuum shoe and vacuum hose on the rear of the machine for any obstructions which may cause decreased suction. There are two main components within the vacuum system. These two components are the vacuum switch and vacuum motor. To find which component has failed use a multi meter to check to see if you are getting 120 volts to the vacuum motor when the switch is on. If you are getting 120 volts to the vacuum motor then the vacuum motor has prematurely gone bad. Other ways to tell if the vacuum motor is failing is to listen for a loud high-pitched squeal or grinding which would come from the motor bearings. On occasion water can get into the vacuum motor from the recovery tank if the machine is not emptied before the water level reaches the float valve. Other ways that water can get into the vacuum motor is excessive foam in the recovery tank from carpet cleaning detergents. One way to deter foam is to use a defoaming agent by adding it into the recovery tank before use. If you are not getting 120 volts to the vacuum motor when the switch is turned on, chances are the vacuum switch has failed and will need to be replaced. When replacing the vacuum motor in the Pony 20 SCA it is also important to replace the vacuum motor gasket to ensure a tight seal for optimal performance.

The next component which could fail is the brush motor. The brush motor on the Pony 20 SCA drives a rotating filament brush which is used to agitate the carpet fibers. This increases debris pickup and is optimal for food service areas and locations where dirt and grime are ground into the carpet. The number one reason that the brush motor will fail on this unit is if debris is caught up around the brush, or the bearings in the brush roll go bad. This will cause an excessive load be placed on the motor and it will wear out prematurely. Another components to check if the brush is not rotating is the brush belt, this belt could be slipping on the pulley or could be severed. If the brush is not rotating the three components which could be bad are the brush switch, brush breaker or brush motor. To diagnose these parts take a multi meter and check for voltage coming from the brush switch to the breaker when the switch is turned on. If you are getting voltage to the brush breaker then proceed to the next step. Next check for voltage coming from the brush breaker to the brush motor, if there is no voltage there, then chances are your brush motor has failed. If you are not getting voltage from the brush switch to the brush breaker then replace the pump switch with an OEM NSS switch. If you are not getting voltage from the brush breaker to the motor and getting voltage from the pump switch to the brush breaker then chances are your brush breaker has failed and needs to be replaced. In the system there is also an AC rectifier which converts AC to DC power for the brush motor. If the brush switch, brush breaker and brush motor are all getting power then chances are the rectifier needs to be replaced.

The next internal system that could go bad is the pump system. The pump system sprays cleaning solution onto the carpet. If there is no solution coming out of your machine the first thing to check is jets on the lower end of the unit. There are five Jets on the Pony 20 SCA, these Jets are quick connect jets which when turned will break away from the jet housing. There is no need to unscrew the Jets from the spray bar. If you do need to replace the old jet housings be sure not to over tighten the jets as it will crack the plastic in the spray bar. To clean jets, soak in a delimer solution and then use compressed air to clear the jet nozzles. If the Jets are clean and you are not getting any solution on your carpet there are three components which might have failed. These components include the pump switch, pump or solenoid. To test which component has failed use a multi meter to check voltage between the pump switch and solenoid pump. If you are not reading any voltage from the system then chances are your pump switch has failed and will need to be replaced. If you are getting voltage from the pump switch to the pump then one of two components could be bad. The pump and solenoid are attached together but the solenoid can be removed from the pump. On this unit the pump will run continuously run when the pump switch is engaged. The solenoid will open and close to allow water through the pump and then through the spray bar and jets onto the carpet. If you are getting power to the solenoid and the pump and you are not hearing the pump run continuously than the pump will need to be replaced. If you are getting power to the pump and the pump is running then the solenoid will need to be replaced.

Overall the National Super Service Pony 20 SCA is easy to maintain and repair. There are other mechanical components that may need to be replaced but this article covers the major components that make the machine run. It is important not to touch live wires when diagnosing the machine. For optimal performance and reliability only use National Super Service parts when servicing this unit. NSS parts can be purchased from either a local dealer or online store. Our certified service technicians can assist you in finding the correct part for your floor equipment.

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Source by L. D. Harris

Opnet Modeler – A Network Simulation Tool

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Introduction of OPNET

Optimized Network Engineering Tools (OPNET) is a comprehensive engineering system capable of simulation large communications networks with detailed protocol modeling and performance analysis. OPNET has been designed to provide a comprehensive work environment for the network modeler that takes advantage of the sophisticated graphics of engineering workstations. The tools provided by OPNET from a tightly-integrated system with the following principle features

Domain Specific, Hierarchical Models -OPNET is designed specifically for the development and analysis of communications networks, and provides extensive detail not available in simpler resource-based simulation packages.

•Models of network hardware and software are hierarchically structured, allowing extensive reuse of developed models in different simulations. Graphical Specification of Models – Wherever possible, specifications are entered graphically with specialized editors. These editors provide an efficient medium for design capture via a consistent set of modem user interface methods such as mouse-driven menus and icons.

Automatic Simulation Generation – OPNE! reduces the effort required to develop a simulation by providing an efficient event-driven simulation kernel, libraries of communications building blocks, and compilers which take the design specification and automatically generate an executable simulation. The extensive software development process typically associated with complex system simulation is thus drastically reduced.

• Analysis Tool – Design debugging, evaluation, and trade-off analysis require large volumes of simulation results to be interpreted by the engineer. A set of analysis tools and an interactive debugger provide sophisticated data reduction techniques to summarize simulation results into easily interpreted graphical form, and to monitor model behavior in detail.

Flexibility and Detailed Modeling – While much of the structure model specification in OPNET is performed graphically, models of protocols and algorithms employ a hybrid approach called proto-c, which allows users to embed C language code within a graphically specified finite state machine.

The specification of processes in C is facilitated by an extensive library of support procedures which provide a wide range of simulation service. In addition, code specified externally to the OPNET system may be linked into OPNET produced simulations. This ability to integrate fully general high-level- language code gives the user a very high degree of flexibility in constructing models at any level detail.

OPNET can be used in many diverse application areas of communication networks. Some examples of possible applications include local area networks, mobile packet radio networks, ISDN architecture, distributed sensor and control networks and tactical networks.

Modeling Domains

OPNET simulations are based on four separate modeling domains called Network, Node, Process, and Linkillustrates, network models rely on the definition of the node models which in turn incorporate process models. In addition, link models are used to characterize links in the network domain. The design methodology for simulation is usually bottom-up in that the user first creates process models, then constructs node models which incorporate the processes, and finally constructs network models that are populated with node models

Communicating through links.

Process modelsare specified in the proto-c language which uses a graphical editor to capture the structure of the process in the form of a finite state machine (FSM). The FSM contains the logic of the process model within its states and transitions. Process models make use of a library of kernel procedures which support access to packets, network variables, statistic collection, packet communication, and other simulation service.

The link domainallows incorporation of custom or user-specific link models within OPNET simulation. The communication link between each transceiver pair is modeled as pipelinewhich provides flexibility in specifying the transmission media between any two nodes. Link models are written directly in C and are linked into the simulation.

The node domainconsists of a set of modules which can be interconnected to from arbitrarily complex node architectures. The processor and queue modules execute process models specified as finite state machines. The generator module stochastically produces packets according to user-specified Probability Density Function. Transmitter and receiver modules are the interface to the link level modules which transfer packets between nodes.

IN the Network domainnode models are instantiated and each instance may be assigned independent attributes including identification and position, and user-defined attributes. Within the top level of the network Editor, sub network objects which provide an additional level of abstraction may also be created. There are physical linked nodes, radio nodes, mobile nodes, and satellite nodes in the network domain.

System Structure

OPNET system is a set of tools which can be divided into three functional areas: Specification, Simulation, and Analysis. The specification area consists of the five graphical editors with which users specify their design; these are Network Editor, Node Editor, Process Editor, Parameter Editor, and Probe Editor. The simulation area consists of the Simulation Tool and Simulation Kernel. The analysis area consists of the Analysis Tool, which processes and graphically presents simulation results, and the Filter Editor, which is used to construct specialized result-processing filters. These three areas are supported graphically by an encompassing window management system called the Tool

Network Editor:

The tool is used to specify network models, which consists of subnetwork and node objects. Node objects are physical instantiation of node models built in the Node Editor, while subnetwork as well as the top or global modeling level, nodes may be placed on a dimension plane for those models in which physical location is relevant. Because the Network Editor represents the most encompassing modeling in OPNET, it also provides the operations necessary to bind together all lower level specifications into a single executable simulation.

Node Editor:

This tool is used to specify node models, which consist parameterized modules interconnected in an arbitrarily complex graph to represent the information flow and structure aspects of a particular class of communications node. The supported module types include general processors, generators, queues, transmitters and receivers, and antennas.

Process Editor:

This tool is to specify process models which represent tools, algorithms, or in general, decision making processes. The specifications are based on proto-c language Finite State Machine representations and include the names of states, transitions between states, the conditions for each transition, the actions which are taken upon entering or exiting a state or making transition, temporary and state variables, and formal attributes of the process.

Parameter Editor:

This tool includes several distinct editing modes which are used to specify model parameter that are more complex than simple numeric or string input. Parameter types include functions of one or two independent variables, which are specified graphically, and data tables, which are specified via a spreadsheet-like interface. The parameters created in the editor are: Probability Density Function (PDF), Packet Formats, Interface Information (ICl) formats, and additionally for OPNET/B, Antenna Patterns, and Modulation function.

Probe Editor:

This tool is used to specify data collection requests which may be applied to a simulation at run time in order to cause the executing model to place specific data into an output file. A file created in the Probe Editor consists of a list of probes each of which hierarchically references a statistic, a module, a node, and a subnetwork.

Simulation Tool:

The simulation tool provides an environment for setting up one or more simulation runs, specifying their input parameters, and directing their collected data into named output files. The Simulation Tool uses a data table for the specification of simulations and their parameter.

Analysis Tool:

This tool is used to analyze simulation resulting data that has been requested using probes defined in the Probe Editor or collected via global statistic reporting mechanisms. Data vectors can be plotted with a variety of graph types. Scaler values obtained from multiple simulation runs can be collated and plotted to perform sensitivity analyses for user defined independent model parameter.

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Source by Rakesh Kumar Jha

CNC Machine Advantages

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Variables relating to the functionality of CNC models may vary from one CNC sort to the other. CNC units can be purchased in various forms. Nearly anything starting from lathe systems to water jet models, so the mechanics for each differing machine will be different; however, the basic principles do the job mostly for the diverse CNC machine varieties. CNC system concepts really should be identified as positive aspects. The main advantages of a good CNC unit is the same for every single unit as it is for every single organization who possesses one. Computer system aided technology is an excellent thing. The CNC system offers that benefit to their owners. Intervention from the personnel is required less, while the machine will do all the work as soon as the programs are programmed to the technical specs preferred. The system continues to operate until the task is finished, all completely unmanned. This approach frees up the personnel to carry out many other assignments if required.

CNC systems offer all these advantages:

  1. A lower number of faults because of man made slip-up
  2. Constant machining every time
  3. Precise machining each time
  4. Decreased manager tiredness, if any whatsoever
  5. Releases the user to do other tasks
  6. Speeds up processing
  7. Reduces misuse
  8. Level of skill to use device is lower

These are just several of the advantages that CNC units have to give you. They offer some other gains that can be based upon the kind of CNC machine which is used.

Transferring out of the production of one program to the other is very simple and may save the company considerable time. Previously it might have taken 24 hours to several days to put a machine up in order to make the proper cuts that are necessary for your order. At present, with the CNC machines, arrange time is considerably reduced. It truly is just about as easy as running a different application.

CNC devices (like CNC Shark) run not simply through a programs, they are action manipulated and operated with many different axes depending upon the kind of the machine. The CNC lathe system operates on the X plus Y axis not like the 5 axis devices which you’ll find now available in the marketplace. The greater amount of axes that your unit is run on, the more delicate and accurate the cuts. More original you are able to become in your assignments, and also the a lot more you’re able to offer fabrication services. The CNC systems can just about do it all without having people involvement apart from through the use of the computer program.

CNC Shark is going to make your own work simple and looking impressive. At this time, the computer, through the computer software, instructs the machine on what precisely to get done and also the machine is constantly on the function till the technical specs or guidelines are already reached, upon which time it stops process towards the sheet of material. The human involvement that is needed along with a CNC device is the programming. Programming for any units is usually written in word such as structures which are in code. The code informs the various axes what direction to go and also completely manages every aspect of the system.

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Source by Dejan Jarko

Quality Management Framework for Educational Institutions

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Introduction

Management is the ability to create, organize and utilize resources, economically, efficiently & effectively. Management is essential aspect of human life, both personal as well as collective. Personal management shapes effective individuals, while collective management is required for well-performing institutions. Management is either good or poor. Poor management plays a decisive role in institutional failure or ineffectiveness. Educational institutions provide knowledge, build character and enhance wisdom level of students. They prepare students for practical life. An inefficient-ineffective educational institution will produce harmful individuals for society. There are multiple reasons of inefficiency or ineffectiveness of an educational institution such as mediocrity of teachers, irrelevancy of syllabus, ineffective headship and poor management system. However, poor management is decisive drawback of non-performing educational institutions. Poor management means – traditional management techniques by educational entrepreneurs, imitative leadership approach by academicians, micro management style by head teacher/principal, investor mindset by owners, and dictatorial approach of classroom management by teachers.

There are three major areas of Quality Learning Process – Key Activities Area, Performance Area, and Relations Area. Firstly, the key activities revolve around knowledge absorption / knowledge dissemination. Generally, the key activities include learning goals, course planning, learning schedule, teaching methods, and classroom management. Secondly, the performance area concentrates on learning outcomes. It studies learning performance of students, teaching performance of subject teachers, and managing performance of class teacher/principal. Thirdly, the relations analysis addresses multiple relations among students, teachers, parents, and educational managers. Dominantly, it deals with effective management of all learning events. The ultimate target of relation analysis is to realize synergistic outcomes from learning process.

Quality Management Vs Micro Management

Governance is inevitable aspect of collective life. It may adopt two courses – good & bad. Good governance is based on Quality Management while bad governance is outcome of Micro Management. Primarily, Quality Management is a system that pursues relentlessly excellence towards improvement of services offered, while Micro Management adopts cosmetic approach towards improvement. Quality management differs with micro management on countless dimensions however the prominent differences are:

Quality management is modern management, while micro management is traditional management. Traditional management is very hierarchical, organized, and disciplined. It is the military style of management, so that it only works in the military or in a micro set up. On the other hand, quality management is democratic management; it is against dominating tactics of individuals. A quality manager derives its powers from the principles she/he follows while the micro manager derives its power from the position she/he enjoys.

Quality Management utilizes talent of people at all levels (learning, teaching and management) optimally, while Micro Management concentrates on talents of leader only, it is forgetful towards talents of everyone or collective talent based on healthy competition or cooperation. At institutional level, an achievement or failure is dominantly team phenomenon. The phenomenon of individualism means massive flattery of leaders / seniors. In nutshell, quality management means meritorious interaction, while micro management means massive institutional politics.

Quality Management is based on humanistic philosophy. It begins with the belief that all people can be trained for the betterment of system. People want to do a good job and expect respect. The philosophy behind the approach values the self-esteem of those who teach and learn. It is Micro Management that deals with teachers/students, wrongly. The situation nurtures apathetic mindset among students/teachers. On the other hand, quality management develops empathetic mindset among students/teachers.

Quality Management postulates that the system of an institution is vital for staff performance. At the time of crises, the quality framework advises a system approach, it is the system that overwhelmingly is the main source of problem. The quality framework gives special attention to the processes that produce substandard services. It is a comprehensive and cooperative management so that it is against managing each component as though it were separate from the others and warns steps that pit the person against the system and against other persons. In micro-management processes are ignored and persons get undue importance. A micro-leader adopts generally the policy of ‘divide & rule’, so that workers are derisive towards each other.

Quality Management believes in personal responsibility, but goes beyond that concept to consider the especial responsibilities of those who manage for optimum system performance. A proactive concern for how people respond to managerial actions is crucial to the success of quality management, which is why the theory emphasis the need for managers to understand elementary principles of psychology, statistics and decision analysis to analyze the ground realities during some decision-making/interactive process. In micro management, there is gulf between thoughts, words & deeds of leader. A micro-manager manipulates persons/situations for optimum performance, so that performance is unstable and volatile. A consistent performance of students/teachers is inevitable requirement of educational institutions, so that micro-management means failure.

Law of Causation is universal phenomenon of life. The law categorically states that an outcome is inevitably based on some antecedent, that is, there is mean-end duality. Means are antecedents; they are necessary precondition for ends. An end can be materialized through right or wrong mean. Human life repeatedly faces the dilemma of right mean vs. wrong mean. Sometime, an end become unachievable, seemingly or really, through right means consequently means are generally comprised by effort-makers. For example, profit is an essential end for institutional viability; it can be achieved through wrong means such as rent-seeking, kick-backs, manipulation of teachers and manipulation of students. Quality management proposes wise mean-end framework for goal materialization. In micro-management means are not decisive during goals realization process so that means are compromised now and then. Micro Management is derisive towards law of causation so that it breeds mistrust among stakeholders and fails ultimately.

It is generally said, justice delayed is justice denied / justice hurried is justice buried. At institutional level procrastination or haste are two great menaces that disturb institutional performance, now and again. Micro Management is unable to tackle these issues due to non-system thinking. The solution lies in systematic thinking towards time efficiency / information efficiency, these factors are vital tools of quality management against haste or procrastination.

The end-user of a service is always decisive for the survival of institution. Parents are decisive for the continual existence of educational institution. Quality Management gives due importance to the requirements of all parents especially responsible parents. On the other hand, Micro Management gives importance only to reactive and affluent parents. The situation is not tenable, so that institution fails eventually.

Elements of Quality Framework

An institution is contractual arrangement of interdependent individuals to realize some goals and objectives; it works under the direction of some leader. Institutions are multiple, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and multilateral, both operationally and structurally. The orientation of an institution determines its course of action. For example, a specific group of some individuals assimilated to provide knowledge and to shape behavior-pattern of children give shape to schools, school is a social institution. Similarly, we can observe countless social, economic, and political institutions working in a modern society. A well-performing institution needs some success factors/performance indicators. An effective educational institution generally practices ten elements for quality management. Each variable has a functional significance that cannot be ignored. The elements are:

MISSION, VALUES, VISION, STRATEGY, SKILLS, RESOURCES, ORGANIZATION, EVALUATION, REWARD STRUCTURE AND ADJUSTMENTS

The efficacy of each element is tested on three grounds – foundational, structural, and operational. The first three elements – mission, values, and vision – have foundational significance. The next four elements – strategy, skills, resources, and organization – erect stable institutional structure. The last three elements – evaluation, rewards, and adjustment – have operational significance. The foundational, structural and operational aspects jointly shape a well-performing educational institution.

Elements of Quality Leadership

Leadership is essential pillar of well-performing institution. Leader is either effective or ineffective. An effective leader realizes institutional targets, optimally. Generally, an effective leader manifests seven characteristics. Each element has a practical significance for institutional development. The elements are:

FAITH, COURAGE, ENTHUSIASM, DECISION POWER, KNOWLEDGE, EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION, & GENERAL APPEARANCE

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Source by Muhammad Ilyas

Specialty Pile Driving With EDTTEX Piles

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The development of specialty piling systems has brought forth a new age in foundation technology that provides for alternative solutions when constraints exist that can drive project costs into insolvency through unknown variables that often result in additional resources and additional time. EDTTEX piles are one of these very effective alternatives. They require a specialty piling application, but provide benefits and advantages over traditional piling types in situations where conventional methods are either cost prohibitive or cannot provide adequate support. This article shows why EDTTEX piles and other specialty piles are so important.

From the moment that a project receives funding an invisible clock begins to tick inside the head of every investor, superintendent, architect, contractor, and skilled laborer on a job site. Commercial construction projects require significant amounts of investment in both time and money. Savvy investors realize that the quicker the project can “get to market”, the sooner they can begin experiencing a return on their investment.

These projects require a wide range of planning skills, from high level understanding to the most granular details. Project delays typically are not beneficial for any party involved in a busy construction market. Delays in one area can create a negative scheduling ripple effect throughout the project; which can quickly cause issues on and off the job site. Project estimators must be keenly adept at analyzing key elements on each job site to determine the full impact that variables may have on a job schedule. Skilled construction workers, unlike machinery and tools, do not sit on a shelf awaiting use; their time must be utilized as effectively as possible among projects in a logistical manner for their value to be realized.

The heart of every construction project is clearly the foundation of the structure; without a sound foundation to support its development the future of a building is in jeopardy. Soil conditions can vary wildly throughout a city, state, or nation. Foundation specialists have to fully comprehend the details of a soil’s characteristics to ensure that they prescribe the proper foundational design. Geotechnical engineers utilize a wide variety of tools and skills to properly analyze a soil’s composite. Occasionally variables exist that developers overlooked in their initial assessment that may result in additional challenges on the project.

The advent of renovating downtown urban areas has become popular in recent years. Investment groups looking for a healthy return on their investment often purchase large tracts of land in urban areas and convert existing buildings into usable space or raze the buildings and start anew. The ground under the buildings may have suffered neglect (such as old gas storage tanks) which may have tainted the soil. Contaminated soil removal and disposal costs can add hard costs and time to a budget.

By utilizing EDTTEX piles in this type of situation, project managers can save valuable time and greatly reduce costs. The EDTTEX piling system uniquely crafts a sound and stable pile underground without creating any drill spoil in the process. The system drills and compresses the contacted soil simultaneously under high torque and down pressure. The soil is displaced and the steel and concrete pipe composite piles provide support without the need to remove the displaced soil.

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Source by Don Dolly

Biomechanics of Martial Arts

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When explaining the biomechanics of movement it’s important to understand how the body functions as a unit with multiple systems within the body working together to execute movement. This is called the kinetic chain and it has three primary systems:

  1. Nervous System
  2. Muscular System
  3. Skeletal System

By inhibiting the nervous system, the kinetic chain is broken and requires more effort to execute a movement. One way of inhibiting the nervous system is by closing your eyes. Sounds simple but makes the movement extremely challenging. I’ll give you a quick example, lift up your foot and execute a 3 count front kick. No close your eyes and try it again. What happened? You noticed that kick became much more difficult, didn’t it? You can use this same application and completely change your training methods. In addition, the kata’s were designed in perfect pattern to where you should end the form exactly where you started. Close your eyes throughout the entire kata and see if you can finish in the same spot. There are three planes of motion that the body can move in:

  1. Frontal Plane
  2. Sagittal Plane
  3. Transverse Plane

Let’s look at the three basic technical kicks and how they fit into these planes of motion to increase the difficulty level. The front kick is executed in the sagittal plane – The most basic kick and easiest to execute. Most movements occur in the sagittal plane, which makes the front kick the easiest to learn. The second kick is the round kick which is executed in the frontal plan. Since this technical kick occurs on the left or right side of the body, it would occur in the frontal plane. Finally, the most difficult of the basic kicks is the sidekick. There is rotation that has to occur within the hip joint to chamber the sidekick, which occurs in the transverse plane.

So how does one train in all planes of motion? In Jhoon Rhee Tae Kwon Do a student must be able to properly execute what we call a 9 count kick. The nine count kick includes the front kick, round kick, sidekick, and hook kick. All the basic kicks must be executed without putting the foot down. Front/Round/Side/Hook Kick.

When training the body there are multiple training variables that can be manipulated to progress or regress a movement. Once a student reaches black belt, it’s important to understand that, yes, there is a more challenging curriculum from 1st to 2nd degree, but it’s also about perfecting the basics. How does one challenge the body? Here a few different training variables that can be used:

  1. Range of Motion
  2. Speed
  3. Frequency
  4. Duration
  5. Stability
  6. Planes of Motion

This article is going to focus on increasing difficulty by understanding the stability principal. The easiest way to explain the stability principal is by using what we call a base of support. When you stand up, both feet are touching the ground which gives you a wide base of support. As soon as a student lifts a leg off the ground they’ve shortened their base which makes it harder to balance. Thus, by decreasing your stability you can make a basic movement more challenging. So how can someone decrease stability while standing on one leg? This is where training tools would come into the picture. Let’s use a dyna-disk for example. Below is a picture of a dyna disk. The dyna-disc allows for movement in all planes of motion in addition to being on an unstable surface. Try doing a front kick on the dyna-disc. What happens? The front kick now becomes extremely difficult.

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Source by Geno G Guevara

Faster, Quicker Stronger: Intravenous Nutrient Therapy for Optimal Health

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As a Naturopathic Doctor, I am privileged with education and experience using a multitude of treatment options for my patients, including various natural medicines as well as conventional medicines. However, the exact therapy or “tool” used to treat patients is not as important as what the goal of treatment is…. That is, to treat the underlying cause of disease. In the many treatment modalities I utilize, one particular therapy I find exceptionally helpful in treating both chronic and acute conditions, using natural vitamins, minerals, botanicals, antioxidants, homeopathics, and other nutrients. The therapy I am referring to is called Intravenous Nutrient Therapy, or IVNT. There are times when various factors inhibit the body’s usual ability to heal itself, such as exceptional stress, nutritional deficiencies, certain medical conditions, etc, where the immune system is unable to function at its best level. In certain situations, IVNT provides the missing link in achieving optimal health benefits from natural medicine. Before continuing to explain why IVNT is so beneficial, first we need to discuss why oral supplementation and healthy diet alone may sometimes need a boost to achieve results.

Nutrient Depletion Despite Super-Supplementation

Very often, I encounter patients who have modified their diets, are taking high quality and appropriate supplements and nutrients, yet still are not experiencing expected improvements. Sometimes they are already on these programs when they show up to my office, yet sometimes they are established patients that have not achieved desired result from treatments. Is the answer that they are taking the WRONG supplements and nutrients? Maybe. Is it possible that they are taking low quality, minimally absorbable supplements? Perhaps. Is it possible that there is something else causing their symptoms? Possibly. However, perhaps they are taking the right type of supplements and treatment plan, the diagnosis is correct, but something else going on….

The Problem of Absorption

In order to have a therapeutic effect, nutrients need to be adequately absorbed and delivered to the cell. Even with the very best, highest quality, most expensive supplements there are issues that prevent adequate absorption nutrients derived through oral supplementation and foods. For some people, these issues can be corrected over time with natural medicine, yet for others, malabsorption may be a long-term condition.

Many factors are needed to elicit optimal absorption and delivery of nutrients, including:

  • Optimal gastrointestinal health: when nutrients are taken orally, the gastrointestinal track needs to break down foods and supplements to release the core nutrients, and transport those nutrients to the blood for delivery to the cells requiring them. This requires many steps and is dependent on numerous variables to be intact, including optimal enzyme activity, proper acid production, healthy gut flora, healthy gastrointestinal lining free of inflammation and irritation, absence of “bad” bacteria, healthy parastaltic tone (pumping action of the GI tract), as others.
  • Healthy liver function: after the nutrients are transported to the blood, they are then delivered to the liver for filtering and detoxification before having opportunity to reach other cells in the body. This is referred to as “first pass metabolism.” A compromised liver can make certain nutrients inactive, ineffective, or bound for excretion before given the opportunity to have their effect in the body.
  • Healthy cell membranes: cell membranes contain energy requiring pumps to maintain proper levels of essential nutrients inside the cells. Often nutrients need to be in higher concentration inside the cells compared to outside the cell. In any mixture of substance, there is a natural predisposition for solutes (aka nutrients, minerals, etc) to flow from levels of high concentration to lower concentration, which is called the “concentration gradient.” This is analogous to an overcrowded train. People in the overcrowded train will tend to move to an empty train if one is available, so there is more space to breath. However, it would take a little force to squeeze in additional people into an over packed train, requiring some shoving and pushing to make room. Similarly, in order to keep higher levels of nutrients inside the cell where they can do repair and healing, the cell membrane needs to be healthy, and have enough energy (ATP) to fuel the pumps to transport the nutrients from outside the cell (the empty train) to the inside of the cell (crowded train) against the “concentration gradient.” This is called “active transport”.

Most People Have Suboptimal Absorption

Nutrient, vitamin and mineral absorption from both foods and supplements are suboptimal in most people. Many essential minerals have as little as 1% absorption, and most only have 10-25% absorbed and available to the cells in healthy adults. This is often related to suboptimal functioning of the systems involved in absorption due to various causes.[i] [ii]

  • Most people have some degree of gastrointestinal compromise, even when that is not their major complaint. As a naturopathic doctor, I always look to gastrointestinal health as an initial cause of disease. So many diseases and symptoms have direct correlation with gastrointestinal compromise because this leads to malabsorption of nutrients necessary to maintain health! If the body is starving for nutrition, it starts to decay and breakdown. There are numerous factors in modern society contributing to such widespread gastrointestinal dysfunction, which cannot always be avoided. Poor diet, inflammatory foods, processed foods, transfatty acids, environmental toxins (heavy metals, PCB’s, pesticides, dioxins, smog), chronic medication use, synthetic hormones, bacteria, viruses, Candida, fungus, chronic stress, and so on all engender decreased gastrointestinal health. With sub-par gastrointestinal function, is it a surprise that most people are unable to absorb nutrients requiring optimal gastrointestinal function?
  • We as a society tend to ascribe to the thinking of “if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.” As a naturopath, I hope to change this thinking to “If it ain’t broke, lets keep it that way!” Not as catchy. However, until this paradigm shift fully occurs, people tend to seek healthcare when they are already sick or starting to have symptoms. By that time there is already diminished function down to the cell itself, with decreased energy production causing compromised membrane function. To recall, membrane pumps require energy to bring in essential nutrients and transport out toxins. This becomes a Catch 22 situation: nutrient depletion and toxins lead to cellular dysfunction, decreased energy production and “disease”; this leads to impaired membrane pumps required to maintain optimal intracellular nutrient levels and export of toxins (the cellular trash); often the nutrients may be present in small concentration surrounding the cell; if the cell could take those nutrients inside the cell, they would help promote healing and repair; however, the cell may be too sick or energy depleted to fuel the pumps required to bring those nutrients in! This is why many people taking wonderful supplements and eating a whole food diet may not experience the improvements they expect. Their cells are not healthy enough to get healthy!!!!

Some Medicinal Effects of Nutrients Only Achieved At High Levels

Though nutrients may have numerous effects in the body, some of these effects are only attained after reaching very high levels. For example, vitamin C has been demonstrated to have an antiviral effect at high serum concentrations of 10-15 mg/dL.[iii] These levels are not achievable via oral route even in a healthy individual. The highest plasma concentration achieved through oral administration of vitamin C is 9.2 mg/dL. [iv] This means that no matter how much vitamin C someone ingests, they will be unable to raise their blood levels beyond a certain point. To put that in perspective, a standard, preventative dose of 2.5 grams/day of vitamin C will only raise the serum concentration to about 1.2-1.5 mg/dl. Even if we could achieve higher and higher serum concentrations from super dosing of vitamin C, such high oral dosing often causes disagreeable gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea and nausea. A similar effect is found with magnesium supplementation, where oral supplementation has a peak serum concentration beyond which even super-dosing with oral magnesium cannot surpass.

Playing The Game of Nutritional “Catch-Up”

Another factor hindering fast and significant improvement from healthy diet and supplementation is that by the time healthy regimens are implemented, the body may be so depleted that it needs a long time to “catch up”. In addition, many people are basing adequate supplementation levels on the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) guidelines, which are levels intended to avoid deficiency induced diseases, but have little to do with levels promoting optimal health. Therefore, most individuals are nutrient deficit, which requires even higher amounts and longer periods of time to “catch up”. This effect is further compounded when considering the multiple factors that hinder absorption discussed above (gastrointestinal health, cellular absorption capacity, etc). Often nutrients are used therapeutically in levels over and above what are necessary for baseline function (homeostasis), so it follows that before one can achieve such benefit, they must first raise their levels to baseline. The body needs to be out of debt before it can make a nutritional profit!

Overcoming The Obstacles Using Intravenous Nutrient Therapy: A Safe, Effective, and Natural Method To Achieve Optimal Health

With so many obstacles to achieving therapeutic benefit from vitamins, minerals and nutrients, does that mean we should just throw in the towel and have a Big Mac? Absolutely not. Most of the obstacles presented can be addressed and remedied using natural medicine over time. A very effective therapy to help circumvent these obstacles is called Intravenous Nutrient Therapy, or IVNT.

While oral supplementation and diet requires adequate gastrointestinal absorption and “first pass metabolism” through the liver, IVNT delivers nutrients directly to the circulation and to the cells where the nutrients are needed. In addition, whereas oral absorption may be 1-25%, IVNT provides 100% of nutrients delivered to be available to cells for repair and health. This circumvents the problem of malabsorption, gastrointestinal disease, and liver dysfunction to allow the nutrients to have immediate and direct action promoting improved health and function.

IVNT provides a “kick start” by making nutrients more readily available and easier to transport inside the cells. By providing higher nutrient concentration in the blood than can be achieved with oral therapy, cells are no longer reliant on energy dependent mechanisms to transport nutrients inside. Nutrients can enter cells via “passive transport” requiring less energy than “active transport”. Using the train analogy, IVNT supersaturates the surrounding blood, so that the inside of the cell is more like the empty train, and the surrounding blood is like the overcrowded train. The nutrients require less work to travel from high concentration (packed train, or bloodstream) to lower concentration (empty train, or inside the cell). Furthermore, nutrients delivered via IVNT can provide high enough concentrations to elicit pharmacological (drug-like) effect on cells which can only be achieved at such high levels. For example, Vitamin C can have a virus killing effect but only at very high plasma concentrations. Thus, IVNT allows for natural substances to have drug-like effect without the side effects and dangers of using synthetic and toxic drugs!

IVNT can be used as a crutch to fast track nutrient delivery which allows the body to become healthy enough to better utilize nutrients, drugs, or other therapies. As discussed, there is a therapeutic Catch 22 in cellular health, where the cells need to be healthy enough to have enough energy to bring in the nutrients required for repair, but a sick cell may not be able to do so even if those nutrients are around. IVNT provides a method of increasing nutrient absorption so that the body can become healthy enough to heal itself. For some, it is a therapy used temporarily to accelerate the healing process. For others, IVNT should be utilized long term to overcome their health challenges. ¯

Conditions Treated with IVNT[v] [vi] [vii]

IVNT is a safe and effective therapy using natural substances in high quantities which enables accelerated healing for optimal health. Most any condition can benefit from high dose nutrient therapy, from general health optimization, acute cold symptoms, to caner, migraines, and viral infections. The many conditions which benefit from IVNT include:

  • Cancer
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Depression
  • Parkinson’s Disease
  • Migraine Headaches
  • Macular degeneration, Cataracts and certain Retinopathies
  • Autoimmune conditions
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis
    • Lupus
    • Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
  • Lyme Disease and other chronic infections
  • Hepatitis
  • Herpes Virus
  • Environmental Toxicity
  • Malabsorption problems (i.e. gastritis, ulcers, IBS, Crohn’s, colitis, diverticulits)
  • Asthma
  • Flu symptoms
  • Peripheral Artery Disease
  • Macular Degeneration
  • Heavy metal toxicity
  • Post traumatic/post operative wound healing
  • Heart disease
  • Diabetes
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Dementia
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • HIV

Therapeutic Effect of IVNT

Benefits seen by patients vary and depend on the severity of the illness and individual response to treatment. The desired goals expected include:

  • Stimulates and increases immune system function
  • Encourages cellular repair and regeneration
  • Accelerates the process of recovery
  • Provides preventative immune support
  • Inhibits disease progression
  • Enhances treatment efficacy
  • Bolsters cancer-fighting capacity
  • Increases energy
  • Improves circulation
  • Increases cellular detoxification
  • Enhances sense of wellbeing
  • Decreases symptoms related to chronic or acute illness
  • Alleviates nutritional deficiencies
  • Hydrates the body
  • Increases body’s ability to heal

Natural Substances Used in IVNT

· Amino Acids

· Glutathione

· Vitamin C

· Phosphatidylcholine

· Chelating agents

· Sodium Bicarbonate

· Minerals

· Multi-vitamins

· Antioxidants

· Herbal and homeopathic medicines

· Meyer’s Cocktail (including)

  • B complex
  • Vitamin C
  • Magnesium
  • Dexpenthanol (Vitamin B5)
  • Calcium
  • B12
  • B6

Complications/side effects and safety

Intravenous delivery of nutrients, when administered by a trained and qualified doctor, is extremely safe and efficacious. Some potential short term side effects include a warm sensation due to some of the minerals, hypotension (lowered blood pressure), and changes in blood sugar. There are some rare but potential side effects that occur with any time of IV administration, such as phlebitis (inflammation of the vein), allergic reaction (rare), or minor discomfort. Overall, IVNT is a very safe therapy. It is essential to let the doctor know if you are taking any medications or have any additional health complaints that were not discussed during the office visit to rule out any possible contraindications to treatment.

Conclusion

Intravenous infusions of certain vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, homeopathics, botanicals and other nutrients can often be the missing link in achieving optimal health. It can be used as a short term accelerator towards therapeutic goals, or longer term to provide more efficient delivery of needed substances for maximal effect. It is one treatment amongst many within the realm of natural medicine, and when used appropriately, can provide astonishing results!

[i] Turnland JR. Bioavailability of dietary minerals to humans: the stable isotope approach. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1991;30(4);387-396

[ii] [28] Schumann K, et al. Bioavailability of oral vitamins, minerals, and trace minerals in perspective. Arzneimittelforshcung

[iii] Harakeh S, Jariwalla RJ, Pauling L. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication by ascorbate in chronically and acutely infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:7245-7249

[iv] Blanchard J, Tozer TN, Rowland M. Pharmacokinetic perspectives on megadoses of ascorbic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:1165-1171

[v] Gaby A (2002). “Intravenous nutrient therapy: the “Myers’ cocktail””. Altern Med Rev

[vi] Shrader W (2004). “Short and long term treatment of asthma with intravenous nutrients”. Nutr J 3: 6.

[vii] Massey, Patrick B. (May/June 2007). “Reduction of fibromyalgia symptoms through intravenous nutrient therapy: Results of a pilot clinical trial”. Alternative Therapies 13 (3): 32-34.

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Source by Stacey Kupperman