Tag: <span>ireland</span>

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Ask people who have visited Ireland what they remember about the country and you will invariably hear mention of how green it is. Which is surprising, considering that Ireland is now the most treeless land in Europe. Ireland’s native forests were effectively wiped out during a four century orgy, removing from the face of the land trees that had first emerged in the aftermath of the last great ice age 10,000 years ago. When the last glaciers retreated from Ireland the first trees to rise again were those tolerant of cold conditions – birch, willow and juniper. They were followed by species less tolerant of cold. Broadleaved forests of oak, elm, alder and ash covered the lowlands. Native pines (such as Scots pine) rose in the highlands and in the poorer soil of the west. There was so much growth that by the time the first farmers began to cultivate the land between five and six thousand years ago Ireland was covered with broadleaves and evergreens. The economy of Ireland under the Celts was that of the forests. This great resource was the provider of raw materials, medicine, weapons, tools, charcoal, food (in the form of berries, nuts, fungi, fruit, wild animals, insects and grubs) as well as the basis for spirituality and wisdom. No other country has as many place-names connected to the forest.

As many as 40,000 still exist, which, without the woodlands and forests, mean little to anyone who doesn’t know the local history. There are many family names associated with native broadleaf trees (McIvor is Son of Yew, McCarthy is Son of Rowan, McColl is Son of Hazel amongst many others). The original Gaelic alphabet for the old Irish language came from the native trees of Ireland – alim (elm), beith (birch), coll (hazel), dair (oak). When the Romans conquered most of Britain, Ireland was said to be two-thirds mixed hardwood forest. Despite the emergence of agriculture and the practices of invading tribes, Gerald of Wales, a Norman who came to Ireland as part of Henry II’s war mongering entourage in the late 12th century, described Ireland in 1185 as a country of ‘many woods and marshes’ and ‘here and there, some fine plains, but in comparison with the woods they are indeed small’. Sweeney (from the 12th century story Buile Suibhne) refers to the oak, hazel, alder, blackthorn, sloe-bush, watercress, saxifrage, apple, rowan, bramble, ivy, holly, ash, birch and aspen. It wasn’t until the 17th century that beech and chestnut were introduced into the Irish woodland landscape.

A few generations later Ireland’s rich forests were gone. Ireland’s original farmers had started the destruction, clearing woodlands for cultivation, and this practice was continued by peasant subsistence farmers. The depletion continued as people used wood as a source of fuel and for building material. Then the colonizing English started to fell the woodlands to deny the Irish hiding places in the early battles for the land. In the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries they cut the forests down to provide timber for the British ships which would plunder and exploit other lands and other people. Since then the nature of Irish farming and Irish politics wrought more damage. Ireland, however, is still a forest country. The conditions are perfect for the growth of trees. Sadly this has led to the plantation of spruce, which grows three times faster in Ireland than elsewhere in Europe. Timber products are the largest EU import after oil. Ireland is only nine percent afforested, whereas the European average is 31 percent.

But there is hope. An Irish company called Rooted in Ireland has started to reforest parts of Ireland, beginning in Armagh. Each tree they plant can be bought as a gift for someone, and a portion of the purchase price goes to REACT, who are a charity engaged in peace and reconciliation in Northern Ireland. A project like this has a huge social, environmental, and economic impact on the landscape of Ireland and will hopefully allow future generations to enjoy Ireland as it should be.

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Source by Peter Slevin

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Digital Tax to cost Ireland €160 million per annum

The tax would cost Ireland €160 million per year. It does raise questions about the pace of future FDI into Europe, and into Ireland. Of greater significance is the EU rules of establishing a digital permanent establishment (PE). The proposed new rules of taxing digital businesses could hurt the corporate tax revenues of Ireland. If a big player with European headquarters in Ireland pays this levy, then they could count it as an expense against the tax they declare in Ireland. For the EU, a fair global tax system will ensure greater transparency and sustainable development. The Irish government position is that corporate tax reform should be made into the multilateral system. The European Union estimates a tax revenue of €5 billion and allocation of the revenue across EU Member States based on population. The digital tax would cost the Exchequer between €120 million and €160 million every year. The resulting taxable profits are liable to be taxed at the applicable rate in Ireland.

EU’s decision an encroachment on Ireland’s sovereignty

Digital service tax paid for doing business outside Ireland may be set off against Irish CT. Ireland would get €45 million if the tax was reallocated proportionately to European Union member countries based on population. If a big player with European headquarters in Ireland pays this levy, then they could count it as an expense against the tax they declare in Ireland. The introduction of digital services tax gives high-profile tech companies to new profit tax bases, hence the DST charge related to such revenues are fully deductible. The increased tax rate difference between Ireland’s corporate tax rate of 12.5% and the corporate tax rates with a DST among member countries effect the profit shift from Ireland. EU Member States who choose its own tax systems and non-EU countries who are seeking to maximize tax revenues would result in a seismic profit shift from Ireland.

Irish tax base erosion and profit shifting

Profit shifting is already prevalent in mutual agreement procedure and correlative adjustment in Ireland. Ireland and some other member states have alleged that direct taxation does not fall within the competence of the European Commission. The Commission is moving towards tax harmony where it is necessary for the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the internal market. EU member states and non-EU member states will introduce new digital tax policies and at the same time change the digital permanent establishment rules, along the proposals set out in the proposed directive with regard to a significant digital presence. In either case, the implications are that the effective rate of tax on the non-US profits of digital firms will increase and the corporate tax revenues of Ireland will erode. Tax may no longer be a compelling reason for a global enterprise to invest in Ireland.

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Source by Shriram S.

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The famous North Atlantic island is Ireland.Ireland is third largest island in Europe, North Atlantic. As compared it’s European neighbors Ireland is economically strong and in next few year medical equipment market will humbly finished. Ireland is one of the top the medical device exporters in Europe.

The medicines, healthcare diagnosis product, prevention, other product used in healthcare by providers and patients, in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) test kits, reagents, laboratory analyzers and related software, etc. is comes under the medical devices.

For Medical Device in Saudi Arabia the national regulatory authority agencies are responsible for the regulation.

1. Health Products Regulatory Authority (HPRA) (formerly the Irish Medicines Board).
2. European Medicines Agency (EMA).
3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Health Products Regulatory Authority (HPRA):

It is an European authority body responsible for regulation and authorization for Medical Device.

European Medicines Agency (EMA):

Every single medicinal products for human utilize is derived from biotechnology and other high-technology processes must be centrally approved by the EMA.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):

In Ireland, for the implementation of regulations on the contained use or deliberate release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), EPA is responsible.

Registration Procedure:

• Step 1: Organization Registration
• Step 2: Product Registration
• Step 3: HPRA document verification

Step 1: Organization Registration:

There are two way to registration:

1st: Online Mode

You can register for HPRA on their website with respective fees.

2nd: Manual Mode

In this case you need to download the form ‘Publication and Forms ‘section of http://www.hpra.ie then filled it and also attached required attachment and submit to HPRA.

Step 2: Product Registration:

The Product Registration is online process for that you have to go on https://access.medicaldevices.ie and login with the help registration id and password of HPRA. After that you have to fill all product related information and take print out of it.

(Important note: Kindly provide Global Medical Device Nomenclature system (GMDN) for medical device which is to register during the registration. You can contact to GMDN agency through their contact details present in their website if GMDN is not available for particular device for nomenclature.)

Documents attached:


1. If you are the authorized representative making application on behalf of a manufacturer then you need “Notarized Letter of designation from the manufacturer. “
2. Class wise document required:
   a.For Class I EC declaration of conformity and technical documentation (Reference Directive 93/42/EEC: Article 11(5) and Annex VII part 3 S.I. No. 252 of 1994: Article 7 and Schedule 7 )
   b.Custom-made general medical device Documentation A statement and documentation allowing an understanding of the design (Reference Directive 93/42/EEC: Article 11(6) and Annex VIII S.I. No. 252 of 1994: Article 15 and Schedule 8 )
   c.System or Procedure Packs Documentation EC declaration of conformity and technical documentation (Reference Directive 93/42/EEC: Article 12 S.I. No. 252 of 1994: Article 11 )
   d.Custom-made Active Implantable Documentation A statement and documentation allowing an understanding of the design (Reference Directive 90/385/EEC: Article 9(2) and Annex 6 I. No. 254 of 1994: Article (9)1 and Schedule)

If you want to register your medical device for the European Market you fill free to contact us on info@operonstrategist.com and +91-9325283428. Also visit us on https://www.operonstrategist.com

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Source by Neha Deshpande

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The Shannon

Measuring 386 kilometres in length, the River Shannon is the longest river on the island of Ireland. Flowing in a southerly direction, the Shannon rises in the Shannon Pot in County Cavan on the slopes of the Cuilcagh mountain, passes through or between 10 different counties and enters the Atlantic Ocean at the Shannon Estuary near Limerick. The River Shannon is significant from Irish historical, economical and social perspectives. As far back as the 10th century, Vikings used the Shannon in order to attack and raid Irish monasteries further inland. In the following centuries the Shannon played an important role in many of the battles and wars which took place in Ireland as it effectively divides the western part of the island from the east. The Shannon boasts much beautiful scenery along its course and a wide variety of activities take place including cruises, water sports, etc.

The Barrow

The Barrow is one of the “Three Sisters” rivers which are comprised of the Nore, the Suir and the Barrow. All three rise in the same mountainous area of Tipperary and flow in a southerly direction. The Barrow is 192 kilometres in length (the second longest in Ireland) and enters the Atlantic Ocean at Waterford. It also links with the Grand Canal at Athy, which connects Dublin with the Shannon in the west. The Barrow also passes through the town of New Ross in County Wexford where the replica famine ship “The Dunbrody” can be seen.

The Suir

The River Suir (184 kilometres in length) is the third of the Three Sisters and flows south from the Devil’s Bit Mountain before turning sharply east at the Comeragh Mountains (forming the border between County Waterford and County Kilkenny) and entering the Atlantic Ocean at Wexford Harbour. The River Suir has a rich history; stone settlements near the mouth of the river indicate that human settlement of this area dates back as far as 4000 B.C. It also formed the western border of the ancient Irish Kingdom of Osraí (the Barrow formed the eastern border). In recent years, Viking settlements have been discovered on the banks of the river. Many activities now take place on the Suir, with fishing and boating being two of the more popular ones.

The Munster Blackwater

The Munster Blackwater (so called to differentiate it from the Leinster Blackwater that joins the River Boyne at Navan) is one of Ireland’s largest rivers and one the fastest flowing, which causes flooding problems in the towns it passes through after heavy rains. The river is approximately 170 kilometres long, rising in the Mullaghareirk Mountains in Kerry, flowing east through County Cork before turning sharply south at Cappoquin, County Waterford and entering the sea at Youghal Harbour. The Munster Blackwater is best known as an excellent area for salmon fishing, although in recent years salmon stocks have sharply declined.

The Nore

The second of the Three Sisters, the Nore, rises on the slopes of the Devil’s Bit Mountain in County Tipperary and flows in a south-easterly direction for 140 kilometres before joining the Barrow just north of New Ross in County Wexford. The Nore also flows through the Mount Juliet Estate, one of Ireland’s top golf courses and fishing clubs. Salmon and brown trout are plentiful and fishing rights on the Nore are held by Kilkenny Fishing Club. Historically, many water-reliant industries were based on the Nore, such as breweries and distilleries.

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Source by Seamus Maguire