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What Is En61000-4-2 ESD Simulator

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Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) test systems otherwise called “ESD Guns” play a significant role in product development stages. Their appropriate use is viewed as vital for any Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing facility. There are several kinds of test systems to look over, such as the ones that test the components as per the charged device model (CDM), human body model (HBM), or machine model (MM), and system-level tests as elaborated in standards, for example, IEC 61000-4-2. In this article, we are going to get a deeper insight into en61000-4-2 ESD simulator. Read on.

Aside from allowing test engineers and specialist technicians to test an item as per IEC 61000-4-2, the ESD simulator permits EMC experts and product developers to rapidly acquire and access important data about the robustness of the Equipment under test (EUT).

ESD test systems produce an extremely high voltage, high current, high-frequency content pulse. At the point when this pulse is applied to the EUT, test deficiencies appear as programmed resets, and program crashes. Other forms of product activities, or by-product may not meet the required specs.

An investigation of the root causes often shows the emergence of failure mechanisms of these EUT failure modes, such as significant circuit loops, deficient power decoupling, and inferior grounding within the PCB.

Other forms of design deficiencies that fail the ESD test include deficient insufficient EMI suppression incorporated into I/O ports, missing or inaccurately connected shields, insufficient holding of panels and internal shields, just to name a few.

The entirety of this important information concerning the EUT’s lack of robustness to EMI transients is acquired effectively and rapidly with a single basic apparatus – the ESD Simulator.

Main Functioning Principle

The contact discharge test method involves maintaining contact between the ESD simulator and the equipment under test (EUT) while the discharges are applied. Since this type of testing eliminates numerous environmental variables that can frequently have a major influence on test results, EN/IEC 61000-4-2 says that contact discharge is the preferable test technique.

The other primary technique of testing for ESD immunity that is often required is air discharge testing. It requires bringing the ESD generator (energy excess) towards the equipment under test (EUT) until the potential gets sufficient to overcome the gap and discharge happens.

Why should you use an ESD Gun?

There is no need to spend a significant amount of time setting up the EUT in an EMC chamber, monitoring over a wide frequency range, and simply waiting for long periods while carefully examining the EUT until a valid failure is detected.

And all of this happens when conducting a typical radiated or conducted radio frequency (RF) immunity test. Using ESD simulators, design work may be done on the spot, utilizing a basic test setup and ground reference plane.

The bonus is that the same EUT design modifications made to pass ESD testing frequently help pass other types of EMC tests to which the EUT would likely be exposed.

The Takeaway

In short, those who are familiar with the functionality of an ESD test system can easily acknowledge the effectiveness of the ESD simulator and how that can be efficiently used by product designers and developers.

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Source by Shalini M

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Save Money by Saving Energy

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Using less energy is not only better for the environment it will also save you money! The Energy Saving Trust estimates that by putting energy-saving measures into place, the average UK household could save up to £250 a year.

How much money can I save?

You can save quite a lot without even buying specifically energy-efficient products. The average 42″ plasma screen television uses consumes roughly 300W of energy per hour. If it is on for 4 hours every evening, it will cost approximately £4.90 a month to run. By simply powering it down completely when not in ise it instead of leaving it on standby you can reduce this cost by a third immediately.

Computers are also likely to rack up your bill. Did you know that a single computer left on 24 hours a day will cost you over £50 a year in electricity? If you switch it off whenever you are not using it, you could reduce this figure to under £10!

Make sure you’re getting the best energy deal

Make sure you’re getting the best price for your gas and electricity. There are plenty of comparison sites out there on the internet that you can use to measure your provider against others and see whether you’re getting a good deal or not. It may be worth your while to switch.

Use an energy tracker

Have you ever wondered how much it costs to boil a kettle or to straighten your hair? An energy tracker is an easy to use device that will help you keep track of your consumption. Once you have programmed in the tariff, simply plug in your appliance and the energy tracker will provide you with an instant read-out of the running cost. If you are aware of the costs it’s much easier to reduce your consumption and save money.

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Source by Dale A Davies

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Factors of Consideration on Accident Sickness Insurance

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There are many types of insurance in the market with an equal host of insurance providers. These exist because there are many possibilities that can happen in any individual’s life; different impacts on an individual would trigger off different insurance policies that would benefit the insured.

Accidents

Any working consumer should consider the accident sickness insurance which caters to the inability to work due to an accident. This type of insurance policy is known as the accident sickness and unemployment plan or ASU.

The ASU policy benefits the insured against loss of income during the unemployment period. The policy covers all types of accidents that befall the worker that would not allow the worker to carry on with work for some period of time. The main objective of this policy is to protect the worker from a lack of income to meet the regular expenses as well as the addition medical expenses during the sickness and unemployment period.

Benefits

The compensation from the accident sickness insurance allows the injured worker to maintain a sustainable livelihood until employment is possible again. A small premium is worked out for the worker to pay monthly over a period of time; this is usually an affordable amount which would cover the worker when he is affected by an accident. ASU policies normally cover the worker’s inability to generate income for as long as one year.

There are many types of ASU policies which can be generated depending on various factors of consideration.

Factors of consideration

The best Accident Sickness Insurance policy can be generated if the working consumer considers several factors carefully; one of which is the period of initial exclusion. There may be a waiting period or cooling period to certain ASU coverage policies depending on the insurance provider or type of ASU plan purchased. Hence, there would be no coverage or insurance protection if the accident happens during this waiting period.

There must be sufficient evidence to prove the worker’s claim on unemployment to activate the ASU plan. Hence, the wise working consumer must understand the type of acceptable evidence to generate an appropriate ASU insurance policy that would be beneficial. Although severe backache and stress are two acceptable medical evidences for complete rest without employment, insurers may choose to differ on the severity of the evidence unless the insurer’s medical practitioners or relevant specialists confirm the condition. The worker’s GPs’ reports or recommendations would not be deemed acceptable.

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Source by Eadwine Eearle

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Penis Enlargement: Impotence, Sterility and Infertility in Men

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Men suffering from impotence, sterility and infertility often confuse the differences between these three types of illness, and most of the time inter-exchange these problems with one another. Millions of men worldwide suffer from these sexual problems. It thus becomes imperative for every man concerned about his sexual health to learn in detail about the basic differences between them since they can cause profound psychological damage in men.

Sterility in men is often compared to infertility, and though they both mean the inability of a person to bear children, there is a subtle difference between these two conditions. Sterility means the complete inability of a person to reproduce sperm. Since no amount of sperm is produced ovulation cannot occur. Sterility is strictly confined to any damage caused in the reproductive system of a person, like some damage caused in the ovaries or in the varicose veins in the man’s testicles which hinder the production of sperm and hence makes a person unable to reproduce sexually.

Infertility is generally a state when a couple is unable to conceive even after one year of trying. Infertility though does not mean that a couple is sterile, because it does not necessarily occur due to any damage in the reproductive system. There are plenty of causes behind infertility, such as stress, emotional shock or due to side effects of some kind of medical treatment. For fertility to take place three criteria’s has to be met: – a) sperm must be present, b) the fallopian tubes should be open and c) ovulation must take place. If a couple suffers from one of more of the above abnormalities it is defined as True Infertility. And if a couple does not show any of the above abnormalities and yet is not being able to conceive, it is defined as Sub-fertility.

Infertility is common in both men and women. According to studies, one-third of men and women worldwide suffer from some form of infertility problems. Infertility in men is mostly caused by:-

  • A physical illness called varicocele. In this form of illness the veins of a man’s testicles are too large which causes abnormal heating of the testicle, thereby damaging and altering the quantity and natural quality of sperm.
  • Infertility can also happen if the movement of the sperm is in some way hindered or blocked due to any obstacle caused in its flowing path due to any kind of injury or damage caused to the male reproductive system. Some men are born with some physical abnormalities that affect his quality of sperm. In other men an illness called cystic fibrosis often cause infertility.

Other reasons causing male infertility are generally related to health and lifestyle habits that cause serious damage to the quality of sperm. Habits like smoking, excessive drinking, drug abuse, age, exposure to environmental pollution and pesticides, health problems like mumps, kidney disease or hormone problems, medicines, exposure to chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer, etc. are all the other factors that contribute to the problem of infertility in man.

Impotence in men is generally a state when a man is repeatedly unable to sustain an erection for a substantial amount of time to provide sexual satisfaction for both partners. Worldwide, nearly one out of ten people suffer from male impotence. Regrettably, only ten percent of the men affected seek medical help and treatment. Most people are too shy or embarrassed to discuss the problem in front of others.

Male impotence, I.e. inability to maintain or sustain an erection for quite some time, is caused due to several reasons:-

  1. Stress
  2. Anxiety
  3. Alcoholism
  4. Diabetes
  5. High blood pressure
  6. High blood cholesterol
  7. Smoking and drug abuse
  8. Neurological disease, head injury or stroke.

Possible treatment for erectile dysfunction

An erection is caused when blood rushes into the penis and fills up the spongy tissue, thereby hardening the penis. In a healthy man this blood is stored in the spongy tissue chamber for a long time enabling a person to have satisfactory sex. In a person suffering from impotence this blood rushes out of his penis much faster than normal resulting in quick falls or erectile dysfunction.But despite the shyness and embarrassment of most men to seek medical help, it is indeed possible to medically cure this illness with a fair amount of success rate. Some of the most popular treatments regarding male impotence are:-

Medicines: – There are several types of medicines that can be taken orally half an hour before having sex. Such medicines offer “temporary treatment” of male impotence and generally remain effective for nearly 6-36 hours after consuming. Common medicines include Viagra, Levitra and Cialis. All these medications come with their share of side effects and should not be given to persons suffering from heart disease, angina or abnormal blood pressure.

Injections: – This is another form of treatment that requires training a user to inject the base of his penis with a very fine needle to release a drug that fills the penis with blood resulting in the stiffening of the organ for a prolonged period of time. Again this process comes with its share of problems, like pain, allergy and discomfort.

Surgery: – Surgical treatments are available for persons suffering from erectile dysfunction in the form of vascular surgeries and penile implants. Vascular surgeries help unblock the flow of blood to the penis and penile implants require the insertion of an inflatable device inside the penis to maintain an erection. Though effective, these surgeries involve huge cost of treatment and hence not in the reach of every average person.

Vacuum Pumps:- In this process, a vacuum pump is used by inserting a tube over the penis and then using a hand pump to create a vacuum in the tube thus forcing the blood to rush inside the penis, causing an erection. After an erection is achieved, a small tight ring is slipped to the base of the penis to prevent the blood stored inside from escaping and thus sustaining the erection.

There are however, more sophisticated and less expensive options available which will provide you with far satisfactory results without going through the above mentioned complications. To learn more about erectile dysfunction problems and their remedies you need to read quality e-books to substantially increase your knowledge about the subject.

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Source by Surajit Purkait

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Different Uses Of Menthol Crystals

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Menthol is a minty product, which is available in white crystals form that’s extracted synthetically from peppermint essential oil. It contains 70% of menthol, which make it so, beneficial for your health. It has antibacterial and anti-fungal properties, which make it highly demanded in various pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries. It is also known for its sweet aroma, minty flavor, and cooling effects. It is originally known as Japanese mint. It has so many health benefits and uses in various applications. Some of its different uses, which you never heard before, are as follows.

Food Production: Don’t be surprised, from the ancient times; it is used as a flavor enhancer in food production. It not only enhances the taste of your mouth, but also gives your mouth a cooling sensation. This is widely used to make candies.

Beverages: Yes, you can also use this menthol crystal to add flavor in your beverages. This is widely used in various cold drinks, wines, and many other sweet drinks or other beverages.

Pharmaceuticals: It has antibacterial property, which helps to fight with various health diseases. Therefore, these menthol crystals widely used in various pharmaceutical industries. This is a proven solution to get relief from a headache, stomachache, nausea, sinus, headache, common fever, cold & cough, asthma and many other diseases.

Cosmetic: Due to its sweet aroma, this is widely used in cosmetic industries. It helps to enhance the smell of your favorite perfume and used in various beauty products such as shampoos, conditioners, lip balms, creams, and lotions and so on that helps to enhance your skin.

Oral hygiene: These menthol crystals also help to eliminate the bad breath and give your mouth a cooling sensation; therefore, it is widely used in manufacturing toothpaste, mouthwash or many other oral hygiene products.

Aromatherapies: These are also used in aromatherapies because of its cooling effect or sweet odor. It is really helpful to give relief from stress, anxiety, depression or many other problems. This is the only reason why aromatherapies can do what they do.

There are so many other ways to use this mint product, which has countless benefits. So, what are you waiting for? You should buy this outstanding mint product now from reputed Menthol Crystal Manufacturers at a wallet-friendly price. One thing to keep in mind is that don’t use it on sensitive areas of the skin, otherwise, it may be harmful. It is a very good product if you use it with complete guidance.

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Source by Synderela Thomas

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Arrangement To Acquire Needy Ones Round The Clock To Move One Bed To Another Bed By Vedanta

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Medical emergencies or serious accidents occur at any time without notice and throughout such difficult situations, the first help that you need is that from a local ambulance service provider who can easily and quickly transport you to the nearest hospital or other definitive care for immediate treatment.

Detail about our company services

It provides a large vary business patient transfer services like commercial stretcher service in civil airlines, a charter ambulance in the city and alternative emergency and non-emergency patient services at a good value. Key options embody a high-tech ventilator, respirator, pump, infusion pump, heart monitor, power provide and atomic number 8 cylinder, etc to cater to the requirement of a vital patient. We’ve finest and intimate with doctors like Endocrinologists, Gastroenterologists, Hematologists, Hospice and Palliative drugs Specialists, Anesthesiologists, Colon, and body part Surgeons, Nephrologists, Obstetricians, and Gynecologists and Oncologists, etc to serve the wants of the various class of patients.

Surrounding the clock migration facility

Our Company group member works 24/7 hrs into 365 days and tries to provide all the possible facilities from the ventilator to a respirator, defibrillator, oxygen supply, Infusion pump, Suction machines and portable power for patients. It is standing with its strong hands to transfer serious patients from one to another city. We give a protected and fast service at a very comfortable rate. Basically, our company is organised only to give medical service to the patients at least time with a low and manageable cost. It provides sophisticated and admirable transferring services by conducting a helpful facility and tries a lot to help the patients and gives them the best medical service.

A team of extremely qualified Doctor and paramedics

This Air Ambulance in Patna provides the complete setups of ICU emergency medical services. And most importantly, it provides advanced EMT, ICU and CCU facilities with the best medical equipment. We have all right practised, certified, and actuated to make sure the safe evacuation of an essential patient and that they additionally carry medication, medicines, and every one the attention instrumentation with them to relinquish emergency treatment to the patients. This supports you to shift your patient with the required needs of the emergency and needed medical equipment which is provided to ICU patients in the hospital. It is ready to serve the needs of the emergency air evacuation support to the critical and serious patients with the needed faculty of emergency medical support.

This Air Ambulance in Guwahati provides complete bed-to-bed to bed transfer facility not only from one city to another but also from one country to another. It works with qualified MD Doctors and Paramedical Technicians to secure patients life. It provides complete bed to bed patient transfer from one city to another, one hospital to another hospital etc. It gives you the best air ambulance and the fastest air ambulance service. This company provides you with the emergency air evacuation support with the required emergency setup of the modern and advanced equipment which be needed during the evacuation process with the well trained Medical Faculty. It is available with the required services of the air emergency evacuation support to shift any critical patient to the desired or preferred medical treatment centre.

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Source by Ranjeet Kumar

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Critical Environment Health Issues

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Environmental health is the science of looking for external potential hazards that can affect a person’s health and behavior. These external factors may be chemical, biological and physical. Environmental health care is the area which is gaining interest from around world. Environmental health issues arise mainly because of air quality, different radiation resulting from different nuclear reaction taking place for energy purposes. We can say that Environmental health is the study of how different environmental factors affect human health, and what the techniques are used to cope.

Following are some Critical Environmental Issues that need to be addressed and taken seriously for ourselves and for our country.

One of the major areas addressed by environmental health is the disease control. A lot of diseases are caused by polluted environment. The environment gets polluted by many ways. One is industrialization that increases air pollution. Air quality is getting worse day by day. Disease such as diarrhea, influenza, food poisoning, ringworm etc. is caused due to environment. Children are especially affected and are most likely to receive harm. This would include children of age 5-10 that are most likely in danger. Our responsibility is to make sure that the wastes from our homes does not pollute the overall environment.

Food management is another area of concern for environmental health. Our concern must be from how seed is harvested and what kind of fertilizer and pesticides are used for its nurturing. Food we take must be free from all types of germs and other nontoxic materials. Nano toxicology is the science of studying to what extent these properties poses threat to human beings. Food preservation can be a good idea in this case. In this process food is preserved from spoiling, through different methods such as canning, freezing, pasteurization, irradiation. Using organic methods of raising food and providing this food as soon as harvested to people is greatly valued.

Water quality is needed to make sure clean water is available to the community and is another environmental issue, because water is getting polluted day by day through various means. Among such processes are hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is the process of drilling and injecting fluid mainly water for fracturing shale rocks to release natural gas. Water is very much important for life and water must be handled perfectly, otherwise it causes a lot of diseases. Water used for industrial purposes gets poisonous after release and is very harmful for skin when not properly managed and can poison the main stream water as well. So there must be proper sanitation of water.

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Source by E. Kenney

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Tips in Maintenance of Gas Ducted Heating

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Due to the persistent global campaign on green living, hundreds of companies have recently emerged and began marketing products and services promising to enhance the quality of our indoor heating and cooling systems through duct cleaning. Most of us are aware of their advertisements, from TV commercials to radio to print ads. But are you aware of what duct cleaning actually is?

The process takes care of a number to ducted heating, cleaning steps. These processes include cleansing of registers, diffusers, and grills, clogging dirt off the heating and cooling coils, tidying up drain pans, motors, and housing, and the like.

But why do you need to have your gas ducted heating and cooling cleaned? The answer is simple-it may affect your health. This is because if these systems are not properly maintained, their component parts may develop contamination like dust, pollen or other potential contaminants. Most if not all of these contaminants may result in allergic reactions and others symptoms that may develop into serious diseases.

Once you decide to have your gas ducted heating undergo maintenance, you must be wise in choosing the service provider that will clean the components of your home heating and cooling system. Before anything else, make sure that the company or individual that you will be hiring is qualified to do the procedures. Note that the process is a double-edged sword. If the professional fails to clean any of the components of a polluted duct system, re-contamination can happen really quickly and thus defeats the aim of maintenance.

If you’ve not tried having your ducted system cleaned before, note that the average rates of services fall between $300 to $ 1000. This price range however depends on the degree of services being offered and other factors like the size of the system, its accessibility, and its needed level of maintenance.

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Source by John Evans

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Mini Fridge Vs Full Size Fridge

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The main question is, mini refrigerator or regular refrigerator? Which type of fridge should I buy? There are a few factors that should be taken into account before buying a refrigerator.

1. The first factor that should be considered is free space. How much free space have you got available for your potential refrigerator? The best thing to do would be to dig up your measuring tape and find out the exact dimensions of your free space. Height, width and depth, write them down and always check out the specifications before purchasing a refrigerator. Obviously, if you have little space available, a mini fridge is more likely to be right for you.

2. The second factor would be price. Depending on how much you are willing or able to spend will narrow your choice down. On average, mini refrigerators are cheaper than regular fridges. There are exceptions of course. Some high quality mini fridges will surpass regular fridges with their price tags.

3. The third factor should be, how large your family is. Or to put it differently, how many mouths do you feed? A family with 8 members definitely won’t be happy with a mini fridge. Since mini fridges have less space for storage (cubic feet) than regular refrigerators. If by any chance you did make the mistake of getting a mini fridge for a large family, you may have noticed that the food supplies run out way too quickly. The number of times you have to visit the grocery store will grow. This may become very frustrating for some people. They may not have the necessary time for all this grocery visits.

4. Does the particular model have a built in freezer compartment? This can be a very important factor. Larger families usually require a freezer compartment for storing meat and other less important foods like ice cream. Regular sized fridges almost always have a built in freezer. The size of the freezer may from model to model, but they all have freezers. The same cannot be said for mini fridges. Some mini fridges do have freezers while many of the don’t. Even the ones that do feature a freezer compartment may disappoint, since those freezers are way too small. They give off a lot of noise but give very little freezer space in return.

Ask yourself where is the refrigerator supposed to go? how much money are you willing to spend? and how much food should be stored in your fridge? The answers to these questions will surely point you to the right direction.

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Source by Sakib G Gazija

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Advantages of Natural Food Preservatives

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Natural food preservatives have been used and known to mankind since long time. These are used in both raw as well as cooked food to increase the shelf value of food so that aroma, taste and the food itself can be stored for a longer period of time. Also food decomposition is prevented by them. Apart from the preservatives, in natural preservation, freezing, pickling, deep frying, salting and smoking also come.

Food preservatives whether natural or artificial work in three different ways as antimicrobial, antioxidants and act on enzymes. In antimicrobial, growth of microbes like bacteria and fungi is inhibited. In the second one the process of oxidation is either delayed or stopped. And the one that acts on enzymes stops the ripening or aging of foodstuff.

Methods of natural preservation include salt, sugar, vinegar, rosemary extracts etc. Salt is a natural preservative that with the process of osmosis dehydrates the microbes. With this the growth of bacteria is inhibited that otherwise causes the spoilage of food. Protection from yeast and molds is also given by salt.

In many other food items sugar is mainly used as preservative. It also works like salt and through the process of osmosis inhibits the growth of microorganism. The process of osmosis draws the water out of bacteria so either sugar kills it or inhibits its growth thus protecting the food. To preserve food with sugar either sugar syrup or powder is used in the food.

Vinegar is another very important natural food preservative that is acidic. It is produced by the process of fermentation of sugar and water. Microbes and bacterias are killed by the acetic acid in vinegar that are responsible for food spoilage.

Advantages of Natural Food Preservatives

Artificial preservatives are responsible for causing many health problem pertaining to respiratory tract, heart, blood and other. Although if you have the problem of blood pressure and sugar the over consumption of salt and sugar should be avoided. But besides this there is no major health concern associated with them.

These naturally do the process of osmosis that is safe and economical. Also these are absolutely safe for consumption. It does not alter the color of the food and gives the required flavour. Different methods of preservations  are used for to preserve the food through these.

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Source by R Oberoi