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Cable Hipot Test: Safety Assurance of Electrical Installations

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Electricity in safe, closed systems brings convenience to modern life. When those systems fail, the result may not only be inconvenience, but also severe electric shock. The electrical industry has developed numerous practices to ensure safety. One such practice is the cable hipot test (high potential test).

This test is a method of testing the integrity of the insulation of electrical cables. It is performed to expose any potential problems in an electrical cable or system that could cause harm or shock.

This type of testing will expose weaknesses in electrical cables and insulation that may not be seen under normal operating conditions using standard voltage levels. These problems may appear in the cables themselves, as well as in splices and terminal connections. Potential weaknesses include cracked insulation, unattached wires, and conductive contaminants.

In order to find problems in a system, higher than normal voltage is sent through cables during this test. Testing units monitor the excess voltage being introduced through a system while simultaneously measuring the leakage current. Leakage indicates near shorts that leak voltage during the test due to the excessive current being applied. These near shorts can indicate trouble spots, such as poor insulation or installation errors.

There are different types of hipot testing. An insulation resistance test is used for cables to show the resistance of cable insulation. This test uses steady DC current. It is more accurate and safer to use DC current for such a test than to use AC current. In addition, DC testing equipment is more portable and much less expensive than AC testing equipment.

There are two specific situations when cable hipot tests are administered. One is to test new installations, and the other is to test existing systems.

Special consideration is required when testing older electrical systems. Excess current may damage the aging insulation of certain types of cables. This type of testing is not recommended by the electrical industry for cross-linked polyethelene (XLP) or ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) cables that have been in use for more than five years. However, paper insulated lead covered (PILC) cables with over five years of service may be tested with DC testing units.

By sending excess voltage through electrical cables, it is possible to find potential problems that would not appear during normal operation with standard current levels. The cable hipot test is an invaluable way to give electrical professionals a clear view of the quality and safety of their installations.

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Source by Allan Esposo

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Cool Box Evolution

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Since the humble beginnings of the earliest cool box produced by Francis Malley in 1884, cooler boxes have evolved considerably. They now come in a wide range of shapes and sizes, often with specific functions. One thing that most of these have in common is that they are almost all insulated with CFC-free polyurethane foam. This is injected under pressure between the internal and external linings of the ice box. The use of high-compression injection means that all of the polyurethane foam gets into even the tiniest nook and cranny within the hollow casing, ensuring that insulation is uniform and complete.

A particularly interesting innovation is the use of thermoelectric coolers. These truly are cooler boxes that are the best friend of a motorist! These thermoelectric ice boxes hook up to the cigarette lighter in your car and run on your car 12 volt battery. The scientific concept of keeping food cold by using a current of electricity to draw warm air away from the food is known as the Peltier effect. According to the Peltier effect, if you were to reverse the current, you would be able to also keep food hot. That said they are usually used to keep food cool and not hot. There are drawbacks to these thermoelectric ice boxes. Firstly, the cooler boxes are rather smaller than most families would consider appropriate. Secondly, these ice boxes do tend to be a drain on your car’s battery.

The most appropriate size cool box for the average Australian family, who enjoys plenty of outdoor living and alfresco dining, is one with a 50 liter capacity. If, for any reason you don’t need to use all the space in your ice box you should fill the empty spaces in your cooler with small bottles of water that you have previously frozen. The reason for this is that cooler boxes work far more efficiently when they are kept full. Half empty cooler boxes have too much circulating air which will draw the much colder temperatures from the food to attempt to create an even overall temperature within the box. This has the effect of thawing any frozen food you might be storing in your ice box, and warming up any food that is colder than the ambient temperature within the ice box. So, to ensure your food stays as cold as you want it to, always keep your ice box full. In any event, it is best to have ice filling at least half of the box volume.

Certainly, cooler boxes have come a long ways since their more humble beginnings. Now the choices are so varied the average customer would have a hard time trying to decide the best ice box for their needs. This is where the combo cool box comes into its own. It is a product that consists of a 45 liter cooler box, along with a 5 quart “flip lid” cool box and also an insulated box with just a 1.15 liter capacity. All are insulated with CFC-free polyurethane foam. The 45 liter cooler box is 64cm long, 37cm in height and 34cm wide. As a starting set, this set of three is ideal, allowing you to use each size ice box and find out first-hand what the best size cool box is for you.

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Source by Alan Rich

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How To Stop Using Food As Your Way To Relax

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We need to stop using food as our way to relax, then we will start losing weight fast. Let’s face it, that is what we all want. It is so easy to grab food – especially “junk food”, to help us settle down and relax. Many people not only grab food, but they will use alcohol or cigarettes as their way to relax. None of the these are good for us. Alcohol, cigarettes, and food, yes food, can all be addicting.

We need to eat food to get nutrition and energy, not as the primary way to relax. We can easily change our daily habits into new habits that will help us to relax easily without food, feel good and achieve the weight loss we are striving for. It normally takes approximately 21 days for a new habit to take place. That may sound like a long time – but it’s not. Just think about it – three weeks to a new you. Someone that can now lose weight fast and relax without food.

Don’t confuse “eating to relax” with “emotional eating”. They are two completely different issues. Many people suffer from emotional eating. They eat from different emotions such as fear, nervousness, being upset, having an argument, or just anxious about something. What I am referring to is people eating for no other reason but relaxation. Many people use the excuses such as, “I’ve been working all day, I just want to relax”, or “I’m done for the day, I’m going to sit and read or watch TV and relax”. Sound familiar? It sure doe’s to me!

So now that we recognize our problem with eating to relax, we need to learn how to change “eating to relax” to “relaxing without eating”. We can do this easily. And this is how:

1. We simply make dinner our last eating time. Now I know this can be hard. Especially if dinner time is late afternoon or early evening. The later evening is when we need to settle down for the day and to have the low calorie snacks, such as raw vegetables, without the dressing, or popcorn without the butter.

2. We need to make it a rule not to eat in front of the TV. All meals, and snacks should be eaten in a designated eating area such as the dining room, nook, or kitchen counter top. Also sit down when you eat and appreciate what you have and how good it tastes when you eat it slowly. You will feel full faster when you eat slower. No more unnecessary eating in front of the TV or computer for extended times – we can tend to eat much more this way. Instead, sip on a large glass of water, or even a decaf coffee.

3. Talk a walk for at least a half an hour. Carry a large water bottle with you and sip on it slowly. You don’t need to walk fast. Just walk slowly and enjoy the scenery around you. Walking is very relaxing.

4. Chew gum – this can help trick the brain into thinking you are chewing food.

5. Find an interesting activity to keep your mind busy. Many times we feel “we need to be doing something” to help us relax. This may sound silly for adults – but think of the things you used to do when you were a kid. Paint-by-numbers, crossword puzzles, word search books, putting puzzles together, coloring, writing stories, etc. If you are really “into it”, your mind will be busy thinking about what you are doing, not being bored and tempted to eat.

6. Surf the internet. You will be amazed at how much information, on any topic you are interested in, is available to you. But, this is not the time to be eating. Make it a rule not to eat at your computer.

7. Spend time with your family or friends and show them how you don’t need to keep eating all the time.

Take it step by step and you will see your progress each day. Be satisfied with your progress and don’t be hard on yourself if you slip up. It’s okay. Just get back on course and always focus on relaxing without eating. Remember if you feel stuffed after eating a lot of high carb foods, you are going into fat storing mode. You don’t want to over eat and feel stuffed, you want to focus on being full, satisfied and feeling good; versus feeling tired and stuffed.

Natural relaxation is extremely important for our health. We need to relax and give our body a break so it can naturally repair itself. But remember, you are not helping your body if you are eating for no other reason but to relax. It is important when we eat, that we eat the foods that are good for us as you can find in our original PowerFood reports.

Try some of the things mentioned and you will be on your way to relaxation, feeling good and easy weight loss. It will get easier for you as you begin to lose weight, look and feel better, and have new habits for relaxing.

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Source by Nikki Canyon

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Freon Air Conditioners Will Soon Be a Thing of the Past

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If you own an old air conditioner or heat pump that uses Freon, it is time to think about making a change. Freon is a chemical coolant, or refrigerant, that facilitates the transfer of heat from one place to another. Known as R-22 in the heating, cooling, and refrigeration industry, Freon has been used for several decades, but won’t be any longer. This is because chemical refrigerants are harmful to the environment, including the O-zone layer. And as soon as this scientific evidence was confirmed, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), along with several other environmental agencies from around the world, came together to ratify the Freon Phase Out. If you own an old air conditioner, continue reading to learn about the Freon phase out and how it affects your property’s heating and cooling.

Freon Phase Out

World-wide environmental protection agencies enacted a Freon phase out several years ago to eliminate the threat of chemical refrigerants to our surrounding environment, namely our O-zone layer. With years of hard work, chemical engineers and HVAC specialist were able to create an eco-friendly replacement for R-22 called R-410A, better known as Puron. So in 2010, HVAC manufacturers stopped producing Freon-dependent appliances entirely, and started only producing systems designed to use Puron. In accordance with this phase out, Freon can only be used to recharge HVAC systems until January 1st, 2020. After this date, Freon will be completely phased-out and no longer available.

Get Rid of Freon

If you own an air conditioning system that uses Freon as a coolant, you can expect some difficulties until this upcoming 2020 date. Since Freon is being phased out, the market supply has dropped drastically. This means that Freon is difficult to find and very costly. Recharging your HVAC system is going to be both tedious and expensive for the next four years. And in 2020, you will have no choice but to replace your system with a new one since Freon will be gone forever. For these reasons and more, it is important to consider replacing your air conditioner with a newer model as soon as possible. Not only will it lower energy bills and maintenance costs, it will be much safer for the environment!

Don’t waste your time repairing coolant leaks or mechanical problems in an air conditioner that still utilizes Freon. It is more cost-effective to replace your air conditioning system altogether, and skip the imminent hassle of using Freon. Eventually, you’ll have to invest in a non-Freon system anyway, so it’s better to start now!

How to Safely Dispose an Old Air Conditioner

When it comes time to replace your old air conditioner with a new one, do not throw your old AC in the trash. Not only is this highly dangerous and illegal, it is a waste of perfectly good money. That’s because you can sell your old appliances to a scrap metal buyer and make a quick cash profit. Then you can use this money toward your new air conditioner purchase. Before you sell your air conditioner to a scrap metal yard, it is important to first learn how to dispose of the R-22 and R-410A refrigerants, legally and safely.

To do this, you must hire a certified professional to remove the refrigerants from your old AC unit. Some scrap yards have professionals they work with that do this service for them, while others require you do have the refrigerants removed before they can accept them. Check with your local scrap metal buyer to see what their requirements are for scrapping an old air conditioner. You can also look for Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) organizations in your area if you want to get rid of it without selling it to a scrap metal buyer.

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Source by Sarahbeth Kluzinski

/ By edd / spiral-freezers/ / 0 Comments

Keep Meat Fresh Naturally

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Meat is a highly perishable food item, so extra care and special attention are needed to make sure that you keep meat fresh so that it will remain a high quality, wholesome product. Spoilage and unwholesomeness of meat are caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. There are two different groups of bacteria that affect refrigerated meat. Pathogenic bacteria make us sick, whilst spoilage bacteria make our food go bad and make our refrigerators smell. By smell, sight and taste, you cannot identify whether meat contains pathogenic bacteria, unlike meat contaminated with spoilage bacteria.

In a refrigerated state, spoilage bacteria thrives. The fact that all food in a refrigerator eventually spoils proves this. Spoiled food doesn’t make you sick, it might taste bad but unless it contains pathogenic bacteria, your digestive system will be fine. Unrefrigerated meat, if left out on the counter for a few hours, might smell and look okay, but may be loaded with pathogenic bacteria. This contamination usually happens during cutting and processing. These bacteria require certain conditions to grow; a very low acidity level (near neutral pH) within the meat; a supply of water or other moisture, for example meat juices, or a warm temperature, usually somewhere between 45° and 127°F.

There are five basic meat types, each one requiring special storage techniques. They are cooked, frozen, fresh, cured and canned meat.

Cooked meats should be used within a week of preparation, or properly frozen and wrapped for use later. Meat can be kept for longer periods of time if it is frozen at -10°F or below. After it is frozen, maintain the temperature at 0°F or lower. Most side-by-side and chest-type freezers can maintain this temperature while most ice compartments in refrigerators cannot, so it is not recommended to store meat in this compartment.

Try to limit freezer storage time on all meats to maintain their quality and freshness. Freezing meat won’t improve the quality, but it will retain its natural color, texture, nutritional value and flavor.

Refrigerate fresh meats at temperatures of 38° to 40°F for as long as possible.

Fresh meat should be stored in the coldest part of the refrigerator, this in usually towards the back, away from the door. If it is to be used within two days, leave the meat in its original wrapping. If it is to be stored longer, rewrap the meat in freezer wrap and freeze.

Cured, smoked, and ready-to-eat meats include bacon, ham, sausage products and smoked pork. The heat, processing and smoking of these items inactivates most enzymes and bacteria. These products should remain in their original wrapping to prevent any further contamination. After opening, most cured meat will stay fresh for approximately a week in the refrigerator and should be stored in airtight containers to prevent odors in the fridge. Luncheon meats should not be frozen.

There are two varieties of canned meat, some require refrigeration, like hams, and some don’t, like corned beef, chili con carne and dried meats.

Storage suggestions for cooked, fresh and processed meats

Meat in the Refrigerator
Ground beef, veal, and lamb – 1 to 2 days
Ground pork – 1 to 2 days
Sausage, fresh pork – 1 week
Veal (fresh) – 2 to 4 days
Beef (fresh) – 2 to 4 days
Lamb (fresh) – 2 to 4 days
Pork (fresh) – 2 to 4 days
Luncheon meats – 1 week
Smoked ham, whole – 1 week
Ham slices – 3 to 4 days
Sausage, smoked – 3 to 7 days
Sausage, dry & semi-dry (unsliced) – 2 to 3 weeks
Bacon – 5 to 7 days
Stews (cooked) – Not recommended
Meat pies (cooked) – Not recommended
Swiss steak (cooked) – Not recommended
Leftover cooked meat – 1 week
Prepared meat dinners – Not recommended
Beef, corned – 1 week
Frankfurters – 4 to 5 days
Refrigerator should be 36 to 40°F

Meat in the Freezer
Ground beef, veal, and lamb – 3 to 4 months
Ground pork – 1 to 3 months
Sausage, fresh pork – 60 days
Veal (fresh) – 6 to 9 months
Beef (fresh) – 6 to 12 months
Lamb (fresh) – 6 to 9 months
Pork (fresh) – 3 to 6 months
Luncheon meats – Not recommended
Smoked ham, whole – 60 days
Ham slices – 60 days
Sausage, smoked – Not recommended
Sausage, dry & semi-dry (unsliced) – Not recommended
Bacon – 1 month
Stews (cooked) – 3 to 4 months
Meat pies (cooked) – 3 months
Swiss steak (cooked) – 3 months
Leftover cooked meat – 2 to 3 months
Prepared meat dinners – 2 to 6 months
Beef, corned – 2 weeks
Frankfurters – Not recommended

Freezer should be 0°F or lower

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Source by Mark Gold

/ By edd / spiral-freezers/ / 0 Comments

Social Skills Training Can Positively Impact Your Life

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Millions of people become anxious and insecure when speaking in public, starting a conversation, or mingling with others in a social setting.

There are a large number of individuals who are extremely successful in their professional lives, but tend to shy away from meeting new people, attending social functions, and interpersonal communication.

Social skills training can help you overcome obstacles and develop positive habits and social abilities…

1. Those wanting to improve their ability to communicate and their level of confidence through social skills training are increasing in number.

Developing and expanding your interaction skills is perhaps the most important thing you can do for yourself, both professionally and personally.

Speaking effectively, holding up your end of any conversation, establishing new relationships, and building confidence are just some of the personality traits that can be built upon through better people skills.

2. Improving your Social skills will allow you to understand the impact a lack of people skills can have on your life, determine the personality traits that cause you to feel uncomfortable in social settings, and give you the tools you need in to become confident and comfortable in any situation.

You can learn to resolve conflicts, the art of negotiation, and how to easily carry on a conversation either individually or in a group.

If you find yourself avoiding large social gatherings or you are reluctant to meet new people, people skills training can be very beneficial to both your private and professional lives.

3. Learning new people skills involves learning to communicate effectively, adapting to various social and professional situations, interpreting the body language of others and improving your own body language, and learning to handle adversity and rejection in a positive manner.

Failure to develop adequate social skills can lead to negative feelings, self-doubt, and low self-esteem. If you are among the many who would like to improve your ability to communicate with others in a positive manner, social skills training can provide you with valuable information and teach you techniques that will allow you to excel in social settings and in your professional life.

4. Flexibility, understanding, and the ability to communicate effectively are the most important factors in improving your people skills.

Developing better interaction skills can help you conquer your fears of social situations, teach you the correct ways to communicate with others, and help you understand how to resolve conflict and overcome adversity.

A lack of or underdeveloped people skills can lead to isolation, loneliness, and frustration. Do not be afraid to take the first step in improving your life and relationships with others.

You can learn to speak in front of large groups without feeling anxious, start new or improve your existing relationships with family and co-workers, and exhibit a positive, confident attitude.

Improving your people skills requires dedication and the desire to change your own negative behaviors. You can dramatically increase your ability to communicate and influence others if you learn to change your own negative behaviors and build upon the positive.

Understanding, good communication, interpreting body language, and conflict resolution skills can advance your career and personal life to levels you never thought possible.

Social skills training can be done in groups or individually depending on your needs and the method you choose to assist you in improving upon your skills.

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Source by Peter Murphy

/ By edd / spiral-freezers/ / 0 Comments

Techniques for Walking After the Installation of a Prosthetic Limb

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We list out the essentials for those adjusting to a new prosthesis:

1) The patient should stand straight, and their waist and knee should be straight. Patient should not have the feeling of leaning forward or backward.

2) The origin of force on the load-bearing body should be evenly distributed. This means that after putting on the prosthesis, the area of the knee at the mouth of the prosthetic socket, including the lower part of the prosthesis, should have no obvious pain in any area, even if it is rubbed red, Even if there is a small amount of pain, it should be evenly distributed.

3) Testing the side of the ankle: Shake back and forth several times while standing with the prosthesis stable like a pillar. If it has a free range of forward movement, this is essential for going up and down stairs along with going uphill and downhill.

4) Walking depends mainly on the knee. However, if the residual limb is long, it swings along with the prosthesis, This will make one’s stride more stable and natural.

5) Pay attention to the level of the heel. When switching shoes, patient should try to maintain the initial height of the prosthetic device. If you have not mastered the techniques of self-adjustment to your artificial limb, do not easily change the level of the heel.

Visual methods: After putting on shoes, patient stands at a 90-degree angle. The prosthesis should be extended slightly forward, that is, the degree between the leg and foot should be about 80 degrees. This is more suitable for starting to walk.

Heel adjustment method: if the heel is low, the body will always feel like it is moving backwards. Walking and standing for a long time overstretches the knee, and it will feel painful after walking for a long distance. At this time, it is appropriate to thicken the heel with some thick moleskin (cut it into semi-circles roughly the size of half of the heel. You can use AB glue to make sure it sticks firmly and effectively). If the heel is high, then the body’s center of gravity will always involuntarily move forward. The knee obviously cannot stand up straight. At this time, the patient should replace their shoes for those with a lower heel.

In addition, the first suggestion is selecting a slightly larger-sized shoe that is easy to put on and take off. The second is that you should place more emphasis on choosing a shoe with a firm and wear-resistant sole. The part of a prosthetic limb most susceptible to wear and tear is the sole of its shoe, while the shoe’s instep is very durable.

Special Reminder:

All new prostheses are like when you buy new shoes. They are initially very hard, not particularly soft, and require breaking in. When you change into a new prosthesis, you obviously feel that the old one is better and easy to remove and put on. Therefore, please remember:

Do not wear a new prosthesis for travel (of course except for those new to prosthetic limbs). This is since the residual limb will change slightly over the course of several years (artificial limbs have a life cycle). The old and new prosthesis will have a certain degree of difference. Therefore, you cannot immediately adapt to the new prosthesis. Once leaving your house, when you feel there is some discomfort (such as painful rubbing), there is no way to avoid it, You will have to live with this pain until your residual limb adjusts to the new prosthesis.

Tips:

After the installation of the initial prosthetic, the residual limb will atrophy rather quickly (especially if it is a recent amputation). Therefore, the patient should replace the first prosthesis within a year or two. It will reduce the patient’s economic burden if, when installing the second prosthesis, they can consider replacing only the upper half of the prosthetic socket. This will help maintain as much as possible of the parts other than the prosthetic socket. This will save a lot of money.

Three years later, the residual limb will become essentially fixed and unchangeable. The progression of atrophy will also become relatively slow, while the stump will change only slightly.

Adults with moderate daily activity (excluding growing children and adolescents along with strong laborers) can wear a prosthesis for 3-5 years without a problem.

In general, after the initial stage of adjustment, the patient has already become used to the prosthesis. There should not be any pain or discomfort during a long walk. Therefore, it is possible to naturally maintain a correct gait. In other words, the best situation is if the body shakes as little as possible while the patient is walking.

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Source by Pan Wang

/ By edd / spiral-freezers/ / 0 Comments

Make Your Shifting With Professional Packers and Movers

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Shifting or moving from one place to another is always a tiresome and problematic task. Often people become anxious while moving their home or office to somewhere else. If you are planning to move your home or office to a new destination then professional packers and movers companies can make your moving hassle-free and comfortable.

When people shift their home or office from one place to another they prefer to hire the full packing and moving services of a professional moving company and that is really very beneficial for them. Because a moving company assist them in every ways from packing to unpacking and loading to unloading. The packing and moving company makes all arrangements regarding your all relocation needs and makes the process of relocation easy and hassle-free. The moving company takes away the entire burden of shifting process and allows you to make arrange your new home or office to the new destination without any worries. Surly, shifting with a professional packers & movers company will be a wise act.

There are several packing and moving companies in India that provide full shifting services and customized services, such as; packing, loading, unloading, unpacking, car carrier, local shifting, international shifting, etc. Indian packers movers are known for their quality and economical relocation services among their clients or customers. They have a wide network of their offices and perform provide their services in all over the world and some of neighboring countries. If you too are willing to relocate your home or office to a new destination Packers Movers India can assist you regarding all your relocation needs.

In India, Delhi is a major centre of packing and moving companies. There are several moving companies running their offices in Delhi and providing their valuable services to the people who are in need of relocation services. Packers and Movers Delhi based companies are known for their quality and excellent job. They have young staffs and workers who are expert in their job of packing, unpacking, loading, and unloading. During entire relocation process they take utmost care of your valuable household or office goods. While it comes to packing they use appropriate material and boxes to pack your goods. They take care of even a minor scratch in your valuable household or office items. They assure you hassle-free and comfortable relocation.

If you too are willing to shift your home or office to a new destination and looking for a well-known packing and moving company in Delhi region, then you can select an efficient Packers Movers Delhi based company by searching them on the internet. With vast use of internet, packing and moving companies also have their own website and provide information about their services. You can also ask to your friends, relatives or other people who have ever taken services of Packers and Movers Delhi.

But before taking the services of professional moving companies you should examine all the factors such as their reliability, type of services, experience, cost, etc so that you can choose an efficient and economical packing and moving service provider.

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Source by Michael Braganza

/ By edd / spiral-freezers/ / 0 Comments

Janitorial Services – Janitor Safety Tips

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When you work for janitorial services, you could work in schools, factories, hospitals, or offices. The job can be hard and does require a lot of stamina. Hazards can also be associated with being a janitor. Working as a janitor for a janitorial service, you are subjected to various chemical and physical hazards. This can include lifting things on a constant basis, using heavy equipment for cleaning, bending, stooping, being on your feet for eight hours a day, using strong chemicals for cleaning purposes, and more. Any of these hazards can lead to a severe injury and could cause life-long injury.

To help minimize the risks of accidents and hazards a janitorial service should hold training sessions and go over what a janitor can do to work safely. This includes:

• A very common job for a janitor is lifting heavy equipment. To escape muscle sprains and back injuries make sure that you use proper lifting techniques. When lifting heavy things bend your knees and lift from the floor making sure that you avoid turning and twisting your back.

• To relieve stress from continuous work take short breaks

• If you are working with someone and have to lift heavy equipment ask the person working with you to help so you do not have to carry the entire load alone. It could adversely affect your body and cause an injury. You should also have on a lift belt when you have to lift a heavy load on your own or with someone else.

• Make sure that the shoes you are wearing are comfortable and have slip proof rubber soles to get a proper grip on the floor, especially if it is wet because you may have floors to mop.

• Most janitors have carts that carry their equipment like mops, brooms, dust rags, cleaners, etc. Make sure that they are in good condition and roll smoothly across the floors. If there is a wobbly wheel or other problems with the cart that you let your janitorial service know so it can be fixed. When pushing them lean forward so it makes pushing them easier. Take time to stretch after pushing the cart so you do not get kinks in your back or cause a back strain from pushing the cart too much.

• One of the main duties is cleaning the floors. It can be mopping or vacuuming the floor. Be sure that when cleaning the floor that you maintain proper body posture. When mopping make sure that the handle is held tightly and that it is done in a rhythmical motion to avoid tiring.

• When taking out the trash, cleaning the bathrooms, and messing with chemicals and cleaners wear rubber gloves to protect your hands.

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Source by Lora Davis

/ By edd / spiral-freezers/ / 0 Comments

Freeze-Drying Trivia – A Revolution in Food Storage & Processing

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The process of freeze-drying added a new life to food storage and made the processing easy to handle. Incidentally, the process of freeze-drying was known to the ancient Peruvian Incas of the Andes. They used to store their potatoes and some other foods in the mountains above Machu Picchu. The food used to get frozen due to cold mountain temperatures, and the water slowly vaporized due to the low air pressure at high altitudes. It was commercially developed in World War II but, was not filed with a patent law attorney or patent attorney California. The main reason is that a freeze-dryer was not a real invention but has eventually evolved from a laboratory instrument.

The simple idea of this process is to remove water content from frozen food. Most of the food we take has a lot of moisture content and it is the very moisture that is responsible for spoilage of food. The dehydration brought about under vacuum takes care of the moisture problem, thus giving the food a longer life. A freeze-dried food will not just last longer but is also very light. This makes the food perfect for space travel.

Talking about food that has been freeze-dried, the first name that comes to our mind is Nescafe. This was the first freeze-dried coffee produced in 1938 by Nestle. It also led to the production of powdered food products since then. Technically, the process of freeze-drying is referred to as Lyophilization and works on the idea of removal of water from dissolved or dispersed frozen solids. But let us see how it actually works?

How it Works?

As you know freeze-drying is meant for the preservation of food, but it can also be used to purify different materials. Wherever this process is conducted, it will have these four steps

1. Freezing: The food has to be frozen first to a very low temperature. This provides the appropriate conditions for the proper drying of food.

2. Vacuum: Once the food is frozen, the food is placed under vacuum. This way the water from the food vaporizes from its solid state without going through the liquid phase. This process in which water skips a phase is known as sublimation.

3. Heat: In order to speed up the process, heat is applied. Applying heat along with vacuum basically speeds up sublimation.

4. Condensation: Finally, the low temperature condenser plates eliminate the vaporized solvent from vacuum chamber by converting it back to solid. This completes the separation process. However, the final step can be avoided if the simple drying rather than separation is needed.

With freeze-drying, the moisture content of the food product is controlled. This means you do not have to cook or refrigerate it, but still it will be preserved in its natural flavor and color with this process. Preservation of food was just one merit, but this process also solves the problem of space food systems by providing them a staple diet during the travel. A lot of flights to the orbit these days last many days and even weeks. The freeze-dried food will be easy to handle, and provides sustenance to the astronauts during their journey.

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Source by Connor R Sullivan