Dock De-Icers 101 – The Basics of Choosing a Dock De-Icer to Protect Your Dock From Ice Damage

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In some parts of the country, ice can cause a lot of problems for dock owners. According to the boating industry publication “Trade Only”, this damage amounts to millions each year. Many private dock owners watch in frustration each year as ice slowly rips their dock to shreds. There are three main was ice damages boat docks.

One way this happens is if the frozen surface of a body of water slowly shifts with wind or current. This can be imperceptibly slow, but there can be a lot of mass behind the motion – Enough to crush a dock.

Another common problem is heave or “Piling Jacking” which occurs when water levels change. Ice forms around pilings during low water and then floats when the water levels rise, pulling the piling from the bottom. When the water drops again, a new band of ice forms at the water line and the process is repeated.

The final source of damage occurs when loose slabs of floating ice, driven by the wind or currents collide with the dock. These battering rams don’t have to be moving very fast to cause a lot of damage.

The best way to avoid dock damage is to remove the dock from the water during the winter months. However, that isn’t always possible. Fortunately, there are a couple options to help protect docks from ice. The first solution is called a “Dock Bubbler”. Dock bubblers consist of a compressed air source and perforated pipe or hose that is secured to the lake or river bottom around the perimeter of the dock. If set up correctly, a bubbler will emit a curtain of bubbles that will cause water circulation. The bubbles will push warmer water from below to the surface to the top, melting the ice.

The second option is to install an in-water de-icer. In-water de-icers, sometimes called dock or marine de-icers have a submersible motor ranging between 1/4 HP and 1 HP that drives a propeller. These units are suspended below the dock or from a float anchored just outside of the dock. In-water de-icers create a flow of water, again, pulling warmer water from below the surface and directing it at the target area of the surface. If suspended vertically, a dock de-ier will create a roughly round area of cleared ice. If suspended at an angel they will clear an elliptical area. They need to clear an area larger than the dock, forming open water around the pilings or floating portions of the structure. In-water de-icers can be installed even after ice forms, buy cutting a hole and suspending the unit. Under normal circumstances, the ice will be cleared from the target area in a matter of hours.

There are several popular brands of in-water de-icers that are readily available, and they vary in unit power, voltage and cord length. Voltage will be determined by the power source available at the dock. 110v is the most common, but many docks are equipped with 220v. You will need a cord long enough to allow you to position your unit in the water, but plug in to a dry ground-fault interrupted power source or suitable extension cord. The connection will need to be located where it is not in danger of being submerged. Typical cord lengths range from 25′ to as long as 150′. The power of the unit is determined by your typical ice clearing needs. A handy de-icer performance table can help you decide what size unit you’ll need for your dock application.

As you can imagine, running one of these electric de-icing options around the clock for months at a time can run up the electric bill. Many dock owners set up a special thermostat or timer that controls the operation of the bubbler or de-icer. These units are located above the water and control power to the de-icer unit. The thermostats will turn on when air temperature drops below a set point, and will turn off when the temperature rises above a set point. That means that if the temperature rises above freezing for several days, or (or even for the afternoon) the de-icer is shut down and saves power. Note that a lot of the thermostats are calibrated either for fresh water or salt water, so make sure you choose one that is appropriate for your application.

Timers work on a similar principal, allowing the deicer to work for several hours, then shut down for several hours. It may take a little trial and error to determine the optimal time sequence for your particular conditions.

While deicers will protect against ice forming around a dock, and can be used to form an open water break to keep the shifting ice from crushing a dock, it won’t protect against floating ice. In some areas, particularly on rivers, large chunks of ice propelled by the current or wind can act as a battering ram, pummeling docks. If you are faced with this danger, you may need to place protective pylons, or floating booms to deflect moving ice away from the dock and shore side structures.

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Source by Loren Hadley

A Quick Guide to Healthy Food Choices

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Nowadays we have access to everything. In fact, we can eat almost anything at any time, but does this mean we are eating better? Let´s look at some facts. In the United States:

– Nearly 38% of adults are obese (1)

– 9,3% of the population has diabetes (2)

– About 29% of adults have high blood pressure (3)

– The No. 1 cause of death for both men and women is heart disease (4)

– 1 in every 20 deaths is caused by stroke (5)

This data reflects not only the way people eat, of course, but also other factors such as lifestyle. However, food plays a very important role. Besides being part of our daily life, we need to eat in order to survive.

If we want to eat healthier options, going to the supermarket can be quite a challenging experience. Why? Because everything that is not good for us seems to be more appealing either by the way it looks or how the package looks (this is marketing at its best). As the saying goes, “don´t judge a book by its cover.” So what can you do?

1. Choose Local

If you are looking for fresh fruits and vegetables, then buy local products. By doing this you will be also helping the farmers in your area as well as the environment! Besides this, instead of going to the freezer section to find meat or fish, try to go more often to the fish market or to the butcher shop.

2. Choose Organic

Do you really want to pay for food that was grown using chemical fertilizers and pesticides or for GMO food? Or would you rather pay for quality? This is what happens when you choose organic: it is an investment in your health and well-being. Organic produce might not be so appealing because of its size and shape, but after you taste it you will not want anything else!

3. Choose Seasonal

Nature is so wise. It gives us what our body needs according to the season. For example, have you ever noticed that there is always more fruit available during summer time? Fruit hydrates us and has also a cooling effect on our body, perfect for that time of the year!

4. Choose Whole

Whole grains are slow-absorption carbohydrates and nutritionally more complete (6). Most people, however, eat refined carbohydrates. But did you know that white flour acidifies the body, taking away minerals (7)? Furthermore, food with a high glycemic value (e.g., refined flour products and also sugar), can act as opium does in our brains, which is why for some people it can be addictive, according to research conducted by Dr. Kathleen DesMaisons, specialist in nutrition and addiction (8).

5. Choose without Sugar

When I use the term “sugar” I mean sucrose that enters very quickly in the bloodstream, disturbing the sugar levels in the blood. In the long term, refined sugar increases fatigue and steals from the body minerals and B complex vitamins (7). But, of course, everybody loves eating a sweet thing! Fruit can be one of the best options available, but if you are looking for a sugar substitute you have, for example, honey and coconut sugar.

6. Choose Unprocessed

I know packaged food offers convenience, but next time you buy it please read the label. Do you understand the ingredients or are they too hard to spell? Rule of thumb: if you can´t spell them, then put the package back on the supermarket shelf. Besides this, keep in mind that the less ingredients a product has, the better.

7. Choose Diversity

Eating a bit of everything is probably the best option if you want to have a balanced diet. However, it is important to take into account certain factors such as the season we are in, as I have written above, and our personal characteristics like age, sex, lifestyle and what our organism reacts to certain foods, so listen to your body!

Next time you go to the supermarket think about the options available. You have the power to decide the best for you, so choose wisely.

(1) Flegal K.M., Kruszon-Moran D., Carroll M.D., et al. Trends in obesity among adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA, 315(21): 284-2291, 2016 (accessed October 2016).

(2) American Diabetes Association. Statistics about Diabetes. In American Diabetes Association, 2016 (accessed October 2016).

(3) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. High Blood Pressure Facts. In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015 (accessed October 2016).

(4) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart Disease Facts. In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015 (accessed October 2016).

(5) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Stroke Facts. In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015 (accessed October 2016).

(6) Varatojo, Francisco. Foods also Cure. Lisboa: A Esfera dos Livros, 2015.

(7) Pope, Alexandra. The Wild Genie: The healing power of menstruation. Bedfordshire: Authors OnLine, 2001, ed. 2014.

(8) Northrup, Christiane. Women’s Bodies, Women’s Wisdom: Creating physical and emotional health and healing. Rio de Mouro: Círculo de Leitores, 1994, ed. 2009, transl.

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Source by Natacha Moitinho

Applications of PS Balls

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Precious Slag Balls are widely used as abrasives for industrial applications. They are made by a process that involves the atomizing of liquid steel slag using a modern technology called Slag Atomizing Technology (SAT). The liquid steel slag stream is converted to spherical slag balls of various sizes by super cooling method of molten slag, using fast heat exchange of the falling liquid steel slag in a high speed airflow. During this process, free CaO and Fe2O3 are scattered to form a solid PS ball and thus produced is in a stable Spinel Structure.

Characteristics of PS balls

– They are environmentally friendly as the material is pollution-free and non-toxic.

– Has a natural characteristic hardness.

– Is not toxic due to properties caused by its structure, shape, physical and chemical compositions.

– Its Spinel structure causes stability in physical and chemical composition, eliminating any causes for pollution.

– As compared with sand, it has superior characteristics in compressive strength, hardness and anti-weathering properties.

– PS Ball is a cost-effective material as compared to other mineral materials.

– The efficiency of the abrasive material makes it easy to recycle, reducing the consumption rate and increasing the productivity. It can be recycled up to 3-4 times depending on the surface hardness.

– This material is easier to produce and supply, as compared to copper slag and garnet mineral abrasives.

– Storage is easy.

– Lower levels of dust and contaminants make it less risky for use in various field operations, and less harmful to the health of operators.

Applications of PS balls

Unlike the case of mineral abrasives like garnet, PS ball is completely dust free and this makes it suitable for use in surface preparation, rust removal and ship building applications. It is also commonly used for maintenance of ships.

PS Balls find applications in oil storage tanks, bridge construction work, in construction of heavy steel structures, in oil rig platforms, and so on; mainly for purposes of cleaning and surface preparation and are used for cleaning welded areas in storage tanks before repainting.

It can be used as an abrasive material, to clean material surfaces and prepare them for painting.

The typical characteristics make PS balls perfect for use in blast cleaning applications, as they provide the right atomizing of materials with respect to size, density, hardness and durability.

Due to its high bulk specific gravity of 2.42 Kg/l, precious slag balls are widely used as a counter balance in many applications.

PS ball is also used as a filtration medium as it is non-water absorbent and is very durable.

Because of its nonslip properties, PS Balls can be used as covering on the road or as paving for concrete and asphalt roads. It adheres effectively with asphalt or concrete, and can therefore be used as efficient repair or reinforcement material for various purposes.

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Source by Usha Sunil

Quick and Tasty Healthy Food Recipes

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Eating good is something more people are trying to do these days. Just because you want to eat healthy food, it does not mean you have more time. You find yourself looking for dinner ideas which will include quick recipes that are still healthy. It is easy to find dishes you will want to make over and over again.

It does not even matter what kinds of foods you like to eat, you can find the dinner ideas which will meet your needs. Everything from quick recipes to get food on the table right away to healthy food recipes which might take a bit more time to prepare is available. All you need to is decide which ones you would like to try first.

You can even find great dinner ideas for a vegetarian. There are so many great healthy food recipes to choose from, even those who enjoy meat may choose to try these dishes on occasion. Best of all, since so many of the dishes include quick recipes you will be able to prepare them no matter how hectic your schedule might be.

Those looking for healthy food recipes in a hurry will be glad to find all of the fast cooking methods available. These quick recipes can help you to create dishes you normally would have thought to be impossible. Of course, once you start exploring the possibilities, you are sure to find many great dinner ideas worth exploring.

Whether you are looking to be adventurous or you are simply looking for new dinner ideas, it is a good idea to pay attention to the ingredients being used in healthy and quick recipes. As long as you enjoy the majority of the ingredients, you are sure to enjoy even healthy food recipes.

Look for healthy food recipes which will allow you to prepare all or part of the recipe ahead of time. You will be able to create great tasting dishes from quick recipes as a result. From now on, there will be no excuse for not having great dinner ideas every night.

A great tip when look to speed up even quick recipes is to prepare ingredients like cooked vegetables in advance. Keep them frozen so that when you are looking to add them to healthy food recipes all you have to do is toss them in to what you are cooking. This way dinner ideas can be created with relative ease.

You do not have to travel all around the internet to find the dinner ideas you will use tonight. Instead, you can find most of what you need in order to recreate healthy food recipes in one place. You can also find quick recipes which will meet even the tightest schedules. The more recipes you try the more incentive you will have to try more. Get started today.

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Source by Ron Haim

Tips To Use And Care For Your Ice Cream Maker

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Ice cream makers are great additions in your home, especially if you love the soft cold treats. There are so many models to choose from and by looking at the different features you should be able to select the most suitable for your needs. After investing in a reliable equipment for your ice cream making efforts, you will need to use the properly and also accord it the care and maintenance it deserves so keep getting the best from it.

With proper usage you will enjoy smoother finished textures instead of soupy ice creams. Regular washing and proper care on the other hand ensures food safety, your ice cream maker needs proper cleaning and sanitization and it helps to know how to go about it.

Tip 1 – Read the directions of use that come with your machine. Even if you have used one before, it is still very important that you go through the manual because models can be s little different. Using manufacturer guidelines keeps your machine in top shape and ensures you enjoy perfect desserts every time.

Tip 2 – Chill your ingredients before you churn. Pouring warm ice cream base into the machine only means that you have to wait longer for cooling and churning to take effect and this can affect finished product quality depending on the type of machine you have. To enjoy smoothest textures it helps to first refrigerate liquid before freezing.

Tip 3 – Freeze your canister ahead of time. Some machines require that you freeze bowl or the canister before the process. Ensure therefore, that you give it a full day in the freezer so by the time you make your next batch it is ready.

Tip 4 – Let your mix-ins come last. If you love your ice cream with nuts or chocolate chips or other kinds of mix-ins, do not add too early. It is best that you add them when your ice cream is about done. Remember the machines are not designed for the harder ingredients so only add a few seconds before you stop the process.

Tip 5 – Never overfill the machine. Air is needed during the churning process to give it that light, soft texture instead of ending up with a solid block. Ensure therefore, that you only fill canister halfway.

Tip 6 – To clean the machine, start by emptying and wipe any hardened ice cream off the scraping blades. You should then flush water until you can clear water coming out.

Tip 7 – Take the machine apart following the manual so you know which parts are detachable for washing. You can then use warm soapy water to clean freezing chamber. If it does not have wash cycle setting, you can use a kitchen scrub brush to clean inner moving parts. You can add bleach to kill bacteria, but then you must soak all parts for at least 30 minutes, then rinse with clean water and dry on clean towels.

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Source by Satvik Mittal

The Importance of Heating and Air Conditioning Services

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The home is one of the places where you are supposed to experience total comfort at all times. However, there are times when environmental conditions threaten to compromise this comfort. These environmental conditions include:

  • Extreme temperatures; when it is either too hot or too cold
  • Humidity
  • Dust particles and other allergens in the environment.

Good heating and air conditioning services do their best to regulate these conditions to make sure you are comfortable in the home. Here, are a few of the benefits that you will get when you invest in quality HVAC services.

To start with, installing heating systems in the house helps keep the house warm during the colder months. There is nothing that is more disorienting than going to bed in a cold house on a winter night. The most uncomfortable part is taking a bath with cold water in the colder months. Water and house heating systems help you keep warm and avoid infections that might result from the cold weather.

Secondly, AC is very beneficial when it comes to cooling down the temperatures during the summer months. Temperatures get quite high especially outside during summer. It feels good to step in the house and get refreshing cooler temperatures. A good air conditioning system in the house regulates the temperatures to what is suitable for all seasons.

Air conditioning systems have the ability to remove dust particles and all other types of allergens from the environment. There are people who are allergic to pollen, dust and other particles from the environment. Air conditioning services help purify the air and protect you from allergic reactions and illnesses such as asthma.

There are many more benefits that come with having heating and air conditioning systems in the home.

Tips in selecting the best HVAC systems

If you want to have a comfortable time in the house, you need to select quality heating and air conditioning system. The choices can be quite tricky especially with the many service providers and products in the market. However, the following tips should help you get top quality products and services.

1. When purchasing heaters and ac unit, always go for the brands that have been tested and proven to be leaders when it comes to air conditioning. The top brands usually cost more than the others. But by the end of the day, the service and durability you get is all worth the cost.

2. If for some reason your systems have stopped working, take time and select the most skilled heating and air conditioning services providers to repair the systems for you. DIYs are a good idea, but if it is an issue you are not sure about, avoid attempting to do it.

Those are some tips to have in mind when going for HVAC goods and services. Lastly, remember that the comfort of your home largely depends on the environmental conditions that surround it. Make your house a heaven by adding quality heating and air conditioning services. After all, if you are not comfortable in the home, where else will you be?

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Source by Nicolas Hantge

Reducing Food Waste

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There is, understandably, food waste in any kitchen whether it is peelings and cutoffs or unused extras. Wasted food means wasted money and in the case of expired leftovers, a potential mess with odours. Either way, wasted food is unfavourable.

Fruit and vegetable peels and seeds are packed with fibre and nutrients, so removing them from our diet is counterproductive. There are many dishes that require one to peel the fruit or vegetable to get a certain desired texture but in some cases you can avoid that. For instance, when making tomato sauce a quality immersion blender can liquefy skins and seeds, creating a smooth and thick wholesome sauce. When making jams and preserves where the fruit is to be peeled, consider using a blender to process the fruit into a smooth paste and save those wholesome nutrients.

We have a steam-juicer for making wines, jellies or syrup and use that left over pulp to make fruit leather. Our dogs absolutely love blackberry and apple pulp leather and we use it for training in place of expensive dog treats.

Juicing is another example where waste (in this case pulp) is produced. That left over pulp is either compostable, or can be feed for chickens; if you have these options definitely utilize them. Otherwise, the pulp can be dehydrated and blended into a powder. Store in a sealed jar in the cupboard as you would for spices and herbs. The fruit powder can then be utilized in smoothies or salad dressings.

Owning a compact food dehydrator is also handy for processing garden harvests. Actually, anyone with a kitchen could benefit from owning one as it so easy to dehydrate any leftover cooked vegetables or fruits. Various veggie powders can be combined to make flavourful additions to soups, stews, casseroles and more. Dehydrated tomato or green pepper powders help thicken enchilada and tomato sauces. Add to homemade pasta and tortilla wrappers or sprinkle a mix of fruit and vegetable powders on your dog’s food for additional nutrition. In the past we dehydrated leftovers, soups and even refried beans for backpacking.

Get creative; you never know when these powdered foods can come in handy. We made a batch of chicken lasagna recently, freezing several portions for later. Upon the first try of that recipe we found it was quite watery. So when we took out the next frozen meal of chicken lasagna, we decided that the solution was to put a layer of tomato powder in the bottom of the casserole dish before laying the still frozen lasagna on top of it – resulting in a thick tomato sauce base after it had baked.

Check out the Brummets’ cookbook: From One Small Garden, with over 300 delicious, nutritious recipes! Available at:

AMAZON USA: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08T7YRHPN

OR AMAZON CANADA: https://www.amazon.ca/dp/B08T7YRHPN

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Source by Lillian Brummet

Oxygenate Your Body With 35% Food-Grade Hydrogen Peroxide

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What if I told you one of the most powerful things you can do for your health requires very little effort and very little money? I’m not going to tease you into reading on and on to find out what it is. My purpose is to simply share some advice I read in a book called “Love Has Forgotten No One.”

The advice is to oxygenate your body by ingesting drops of 35% food-grade hydrogen peroxide in distilled water several times a day. I’ll give you more precise instructions after I tell you a little more about the source of this advice.

Gary R. Renard has written three books on spirituality, mostly helping students understand “A Course in Miracles.” His message is remarkable and empowering. In his third book, he surprises readers with 12 simple things you can do to improve your health. The 12th suggestion was by far the most startling.

The idea is that oxygenating your body is one of the most powerful things on the level of form you can do for your health. The way to do it is simple. Ingest 35% food-grade hydrogen peroxide by adding drops to distilled water. “Love Has Forgotten No One” refers readers to another book called “The One Minute Cure” for detailed instructions and urges readers to follow the instructions and not to take too much.

After reading this suggestion I did some research and found that there are more and more articles being published on hydrogen peroxide in medical journals. There are advocates and detractors but no definitive conclusions. I can tell you there is a good deal of misinformation out there. I like the fact that the recommended regimen is very simple and very inexpensive. I plan to invest about $10 to purchase 35% food-grade hydrogen peroxide and another couple dollars in distilled water. I was able to read “The One Minute Cure” by googling it and opening a pdf file. In addition to specific instructions on how to take 35% food-grade hydrogen peroxide, the book explains why the idea is not being welcomed by the medical establishment.

This is something any one can do. The investment is so small and the potential benefits so great that I recommend it to everyone. The one exception I read about in ‘The One Minute Cure” is that this form of oxygenation is not recommended for anyone with a transplanted organ.

According to “Love Has Forgotten No One”, lack of oxygen is the most overlooked problem in the human body. “If you could properly oxygenate all the cells in your body, then most diseases would be prevented, or cured if you have one.”

I will conclude this brief article with another important quote from the book:

“As we said, the instructions must be followed to the letter, and most people won’t do it because they don’t have the discipline. But if you do, it’s one of the most powerful things on the level of form that you can possibly do for your health. Don’t take too much. It’s taken by putting drops of it into water. Follow the instructions.”

Those instructions are readily available in “The One Minute Cure”. I’m not recommending anything I will not do myself as I am ordering some 35% food-grade hydrogen peroxide today!

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Source by Kirt M Hill

Anhydrous Ammonia Spill Day

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It looks like someone declared June 8, 2007 to be the day for serious Anhydrous Ammonia spills from refrigeration systems across the country. There were three separate instances of significant spills reported today. Mount Sterling, KY, Wyalusing, PA, and Milwaukie, OR all had releases in the last 24 hours. No one was killed, but a number of people were taken to the hospital, businesses were evacuated, and residents were told to shelter in place.

There were explosions associated with two of the incidents. There are reports that the ammonia leak at a Nestle Plant in Kentucky caused an explosion that blew down a wall at that plant; no injuries from the explosion or falling debris have been reported. The American Cold Storage facility in Oregon had an unexplained (as yet) explosion result in the ammonia leak. There were no reports of an explosion associated with the leak at Cargill Taylor Beef Plant in Pennsylvania.

Anhydrous Ammonia is favored in many large cooling systems because it has better heat transfer characteristics and is cheaper than the refrigerant gasses used in home cooling systems and refrigerators. The problem is that this material is very reactive and is classified as a Toxic by Inhalation gas. Fortunately, the gas is extremely irritating at well below the toxic level so that when a minor leak happens, unprotected people evacuate the area quickly with little urging. A catastrophic leak, however, can overcome people before they have a chance to get clear. This is partially because many people are temporarily blinded by less than lethal concentrations.

The food industry has long maintained that they should not have to comply with any handling restrictions on Anhydrous Ammonia required under various Federal laws, since they don?t actually handle Anhydrous Ammonia; it stays in a closed system. During the regulatory comment period they complained about being required to submit information under the new Chemical Facility Anti-terrorism standards based on the 7,500 pound Screening Threshold Quantity (STQ) listed in the proposed Appendix A, Chemicals of Interest, to 6 CFR part 27. Cooling systems having more than 7,500 pounds of Anhydrous Ammonia in the system would make that food processing company a ?Chemical Facility? under the rules of this regulation.

According to the EPA Risk Management Plan (RMP) guidance documents, 7,500 lbs of Anhydrous Ammonia released in 10 minutes time from a pressurized system (clearly a catastrophic leak, not a faulty valve) will have a plume with a toxic end point 3.2 miles down wind from the site of the leak (Table 9, 1.5 m/s wind speed). That means that anyone between the leak and 3.2 miles downwind could be exposed to dangerous concentrations of Anhydrous Ammonia.

Rather obviously, from the lack of casualties, none of these three release events came any where near 7,500 lbs in 10 minute release rate required for a 3.2 mile long toxic plume. There is nothing in any of the available article that tells anything about the release rate for these accidents, but from the description they did not seem to be catastrophic release events. But what about the explosion caused by the release in Kentucky?

Anhydrous Ammonia is a very reactive chemical, and even by itself can form an explosive mixture when mixed with air at concentrations of 16 to 25% Ammonia in air, though it would require a strong ignition source. It reacts to produce explosive by-products when it mixes with Chlorine, Bromine or Iodine. Violent reactions occur with Bleach or Peroxides. It also forms explosive compounds with Gold, Silver and Mercury. So, while explosions are not part of the normal operating conditions of refrigeration systems using Anhydrous Ammonia as a refrigerant, an explosion after a significant leak would not be totally unexpected.

Just maybe, DHS was correct in setting the STQ limit for Anhydrous Ammonia at a low enough level so that some refrigeration plant users could be labeled as Chemical Facilities.

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Source by Patrick Coyle

Training to Positive Failure Verses Absolute Failure, What is the Difference?

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Positive failure is an oxymoron term if ever there was one. When I bring this up with a new client they give me a funny look, as failure in most instances is seen as a negative thing. Only in the crazy world of bodybuilding could failure be a positive, sometimes I forget this given the amount of time I have been moving the iron.

But it is true, failure in a working set lets you know where you are strength wise as well as letting you know you have worked your muscles to a point where they failed, being temporarily unable to do another rep, thus making inroads into your existing levels of strength, endurance, and your muscles ability to handle the work given it. The muscles have two choices, die under the oncoming assaults or grow bigger and stronger to handle the loads imposed upon them, trying to overcompensate because basically the body is lazy being more interested in preservation and conservation, resenting being pushed beyond its comfort zone.

This can be a tricky balancing act that if handled wrong can lead to over training, the body’s last line of defense in getting you to back off. Training to positive failure successfully depends on a combination of factors, number of sets, body part splits, how often a given muscle is trained, and the definition of failure.

We hear the terms positive failure and absolute failure, these are not interchangeable and knowing the difference is vital to continued progress. As you may have already guessed absolute failure is far more demanding on your body and must be used sparingly.

Positive failure occurs when a point is reached during a set of reps where the muscles can not do another rep without breaking good form, though loosening form a little would still be considered positive failure but totally abandoning proper form and employing excessive body english would not. In most cases this is sufficient to induce a response from the muscles as the body does not see this as a threat but merely as hard work within the body’s ability to recover and compensate for the next time it is subjected to it, being ready by becoming a little bigger and stronger.

This training, recovery, and compensation relationship must be respected and not taken for granted or advantage of or like any relationship it will blow up in your face in the form of over training, a negative failure where only stalemate and regression reside.

Absolute failure on the other hand is like a lethal weapon that in the wrong hands can be disastrous, resulting in chronic overuse injuries and terminal over training. Absolute failure occurs with the use of intensity principles being added onto a set at its end when another rep is not possible in reasonably good form and some means of trickery is employed to keep the muscle working in the way of forced reps, drop sets, slightly pausing a few seconds, partial reps in the muscles strongest point of leverage, etc.

The fallacy with the notion of absolute failure is that there is no such thing, let me repeat this so you don’t miss it, there is no such thing as absolute failure because with a little rest the muscles are capable of moving a workload, even if it is a reduced amount of workload and this is where people get in trouble, believing they will reach a point where the muscles are totally incapable of work and never finding it, leading them to do far more work than necessary and causing only damage.

You see ignorance of this in every gym, someone will be doing a set and if it looks like the person is about to fail they jump in encouraging the person to do a few more reps, even taking hold of the bar and forcing them to do numerous forced reps before allowing the person to end the set.

I remember the time when I was doing wide grip pulldowns and as I was reaching the end of the set someone reached over me and pulled down on the bar, yelling at me to do a few more reps, ruining the last rep and pissing me off.

I informed him that it was improper to jump into someone’s set without being asked and not knowing the person’s current intensity toleration level. He walked away looking dazed, the thought that one’s training toleration having limitations and fluctuations that needed to be monitored and modulated.

My own brother found this out the hard way. On leg training day he decided to give his thighs a real going over. He did set after set of nonlocking squats with very brief rest between them. I lost track of how many sets he did, but he never found a point where he couldn’t do another set, but an hour later he vomited every half hour on the half hour for the next twelve hours. By the time he was done he looked like death warmed over and missed the next week of workouts and struggled through his workouts the following week, lesson learned.

To say we were hard core would be accurate but more is needed than the ability to push your body to the extreme, you need an understanding of how hard is hard enough, a lesson my brother will never forget.

Another example is the time much earlier in our training careers I decided to put together the ultimate compound set workouts operating on the more is better theory. I strung together the most effective list of exercises for each muscle groups, at least ten exercises in a row. I laid out the master plan to my brother and we proceeded.

The intensity was unreal and the pump was unbelievable, leaving us sore for days. Now in my experience you should not have to wait to start seeing results from your training, this isn’t magic but simple overload and compensation. The first week went by and nothing, the second week passed and still nothing. Even given my young age at the time I knew that to continue on would be foolhardy and more importantly a waste of effort.

It amazed me that the work given to the muscles had zero effect. We could complete all the sets, the muscles seeming to be able to handle the work. It was here that I realized that the ability to do the work did not insure success and that there had to be a turning point to which more is not better but instead more is just more. I took a good look at the workouts and began to reduce the amount of exercises linked in a row, figuring out different amounts for each muscle group according to its size and role of involvement in the workout as a whole.

After these adjustments were made we again commenced training and immediately saw results even though the workouts by comparison with what we had been doing seemed tame and not nearly as hard, learning that less is more or more accurately the right amount was enough to push the muscles without overwhelming them.

So your goal in training is to train to positive failure in good form most of the time with short periods of time using intensity principles to bring up only stubborn or difficult muscle groups, saving the more intense training for a shocking effect to jolt new growth without abusing this and undoing the good benefits of pushing to absolute failure, knowing when to end a set.

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Source by Steve Sawyer