The Biafra Recruiters: Memoirs of the Nigerian-Biafra Civil War, 1967-1970

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The village of Eziama was like England

From early morning people would troop in, some from far away, to hear him sing— ‘Eziama is a village like the rural areas of England—‘

Occasionally, when he felt kindness in his heart, he would shout out to his son, Lazarus, ‘Bring kola nut and alligator pepper.’ Laz knew where to find kola nut and alligator pepper, and how to bring them. Then Papa would invoke the ancestors, speak a few sentences in idioms, break the kola nuts and pass them around.

He never minded when the visitors challenged him, or even when they pointedly said, ‘Our elder, Papa Sylvester Ughere, you sing about England even though you have not set foot in it.’

‘Just because I haven’t been to England does not mean I can’t imagine England; how many times must I tell you’ and he would point fingers at the withdrawn faces of his visitors, ‘that an old man knows nearly as much as God?’

With their mouths busy chewing nuts and pepper, the visitors would back off and continue to listen to the song of how the village of Eziama is so beautiful, and how Eziama shall stay beautiful forever.

It wasn’t like anybody doubted how serene Eziama village was. Though the houses were clustered, small, dense shrubs separated one cluster from another. Mango, pear, and cashew occupied Eziama like vagabonds, their branches and their leaves crossing over to lean and kiss without permission.

Palm trees, coconut trees and breadfruit trees towered overhead. Kola nut trees, groundnut plants, cassava leaves, cocoyam and other creeping plants occupied the ground and the spaces above.

Now and then tall, majestic trees called ‘orji’ would shoot off into the heavens, adults calling on children to watch as their top branches swayed with the gentle movements of the rarely seen African eagles.

Still, there were many places in Eziama where termites found spaces to build hillocks, from where they sent out soldiers to roam freely.

From Papa Ughere’s living room, if the visitors looked, even casually, through one of the wooden side windows, past a few trees, they would see Kamsi Udumiri.

Kamsi was the man who married a woman so beautiful the people of Eziama wondered if such a being had any need to sit on the toilet. Together, Kamsi and the beauty had one daughter and four sons. Idoh was the first of the sons, and Gilbert the last.

Before the war, Eziama had generous soil, and every man and women knew how to use hoes, machetes and sickles. Men who did not farm still did something practical; they healed with herbs, they set the broken bones of children who had fallen from palm trees, and some became rainmakers.

A few years later, once a single strand of hairs showed up under Idoh’s chin, Kamsi summoned him. ‘My son, this land is no longer as productive as it once was; besides, “nobody stands still to watch a masquerade.”‘

With that understood, Idoh packed and left Eziama. He settled fifty miles away, in the town of Onitsha. Soon he had achieved enough to do what every father in Eziama could be proud of. He married, had children and built a house, whose front gate was guarded by two ornamental creatures. With their mouths open and blood dripping from the corners, people quickened their pace when they walked by.

Lazarus knew his days in the village were over when Idoh left. ‘You are growing so rapidly, like a weed, that this house can no longer contain father and son,’ Ughere told him one night, after the last guest had gone and his voice was hoarse from admiring Eziama.

A week or so passed, and Ughere sent Lazarus to a missionary school. From there he later went to the University of Nigeria Nsukka, where he learned the mysteries of European healing.

July 1967: Everything changed for Lazarus. Nsukka came under artillery bombardment by an infantry battalion of the Nigerian armed forces. Doctor Laz was among the last to leave, only departing when the town was under the daily barrage of artillery shells and vultures began to descend from the sky.

October 1967: On the rumor that Nigerian armed forces were shooting their way from the town of Asaba and would attempt to enter Onitsha via the Niger Bridge, Idoh first sent his wife and his children home. Days went by and it occurred to him that he too must leave for Eziama.

Suddenly Eziama became a melting point. Many years had passed since Idoh and Laz saw each other. Like friends do under unusual circumstances, they were eager to reach back to the past. Initially they met very often, but later less frequently as the war moved closer, from the towns to the villages.

For many months after the war began, the young men who were the only perfect fit for battle had bled and died. In the absence of any more young men, the recruiters began conscripting teenage boys before they could grow a single strand of hair under the armpit. A few days later they also began conscripting old men, already constrained by arthritis.

Every day they spent hiding from recruiters. Certain nights Idoh would take the backyard bush path to meet Lazarus. They would talk about Eziama when they were kids. How they would wrestle in the woods; how they would peel the back of coconuts and take turns to slam them on a dug-out hole in the ground, looking to see who was strong enough to crack it open first; how they would walk the narrow street in front of Idoh’s house, which twisted like a long, curled snake, and how their mission to reach the two low stone platforms that marked the end of the narrow road seemed interminable.

Laz would remember how, on the low platform, they would sit side by side trying to figure out where next to wander, whether to go down to Orie Market or to go to Iyiba stream, but still not deciding until darkness enveloped them. They would only react with a dash home when a long cane at the end of an invisible hand whacked first Idoh across the head, and then Lazarus.

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Source by Anselm Anyoha

Doing Business in the UK – Culture, Customs and Etiquette

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The United Kingdom (UK) is comprised of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is important not only to be aware of these geographical distinctions but also the strong sense of identity and nationalism felt by the populations of these four countries.

The terms ‘English’ and ‘British’ are not interchangeable. ‘British’ denotes someone who is from England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. ‘English’ refers to people from England. People from Scotland are referred to as ‘Scots’. People from England are not likely to take offence at being called “English”, whereas a Welsh, Scots, or Northern Irish person will.

Cultural Diversity

Formerly a very homogenous society, since World War II, Britain has become increasingly diverse as it has accommodated large immigrant populations. The mixture of ethnic groups and cultures make it difficult to define British as looking or acting in one particular manner. People may sound British and retain the cultural heritage of their forefathers while others may become more British than someone who can trace his/her lineage to the 5th century. The fact that the nation’s favourite dish is now a curry sums up the cultural mish-mash that is modern day Britain.

Doing business in the UK

The British are rather formal. Many from the older generation still prefer to work with people and companies they know or who are known to their associates. Younger businesspeople do not need long-standing personal relationships before they do business with people and do not require an intermediary to make business introductions. Nonetheless, networking and relationship building are often key to long-term business success.

Rank is respected and businesspeople prefer to deal with people at their level. If at all possible, include an elder statesman on your team as he/she will present the aura of authority that is necessary to good business relationships in many companies.

British communication styles

The British have an interesting mix of communication styles encompassing both understatement and direct communication. Many older businesspeople or those from the ‘upper class’ rely heavily upon formal use of established protocol. Most British are masters of understatement and do not use effusive language. If anything, they have a marked tendency to qualify their statements with such as ‘perhaps’ or ‘it could be’. When communicating with people they see as equal to themselves in rank or class, the British are direct, but modest. If communicating with someone they know well, their style may be more informal, although they will still be reserved.

Business meetings

Punctuality is a very British trait. It is especially important in business situations. In most cases, the people you are meeting will be on time. Always call if you will be even 5 minutes later than agreed. If you are kept waiting a few minutes, do not make an issue of it.

How meetings are conducted is often determined by the composition of people attending. If everyone is at the same level, there is generally a free flow of ideas and opinions. If there is a senior ranking person in the room, that person will do most of the speaking. In general, meetings will be rather formal and always have a clearly defined purpose, which may include an agenda. There will be a brief amount of small talk before getting down to the business at hand. If you make a presentation, avoid making exaggerated claims. Make certain your presentation and any materials provided appear professional and well thought out. Be prepared to back up your claims with facts and figures. The British rely on facts, rather than emotions, to make decisions. Maintain eye contact and a few feet of personal space. After a meeting, send a letter summarising what was decided and the next steps to be taken.

Basic Etiquette Tips:

Business Dress

* Business attire is conservative.

* Men should wear a dark coloured, conservative business suit.

* Women should wear either a business suit or a conservative dress.

Greetings

* Shake hands with everyone at a meeting upon arrival.

* Maintain eye contact during the greeting.

Titles

* Only medical doctors and the clergy use their professional or academic titles in business.

* Most people use the courtesy titles or Mr, Mrs or Miss and their surname. (Mr and Mrs are words in the United Kingdom and do not require a period after them as they are not abbreviations.)

* If someone has been knighted, they are called ‘Sir’ followed by their first and surnames or ‘Sir’ followed simply by their first name.

* Wait until invited before moving to a first-name basis. People under the age of 35 may make this move more rapidly than older British.

Business Cards

* Business cards are exchanged at the initial introduction without formal ritual.

* The business card may be put away with only a cursory glance.

Business Gifts

* Business gift giving is not part of the business culture.

* If you choose to give a gift, make certain it is small and tasteful.

* Good gifts include desk accessories, a paperweight with your company logo, or a book about your home country.

* Inviting someone out for a meal can be viewed as a gift.

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Source by Neil Payne

Different Types of Energy Efficient Lighting Equipments

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Saving energy has become one of the prime concerns of residential and commercial building owners. Apart from reducing the electricity bills, various practices to save energy contribute to maintaining environmental balance. Various energy efficient equipments play a significant role in this direction.

The fact that lighting accounts for 25-30% of the residential and up to 50% of commercial electricity consumptions encourages people to use CFL lamps, luminaries and other energy efficient equipments. If you have a store selling such devices, you must know that the following lighting equipments are getting popular among the building owners.

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

Lighting equipments that are fast replacing the traditional incandescent lamps are the compact fluorescent lamps or CFL lamps. These are highly energy efficient and serve for longer, thereby adding to the cost benefits for the users. Apart from homes and offices, these lights have also become popular for driveway and garden area lighting.

High Intensity Discharge Lamps

Used for lighting up wider areas, the high intensity discharge (HID) lamps are highly efficient. This is because these lamps utilize maximum amount of electrical energy to produce more light and less heat. This fact makes them much more preferable to the traditional halogen based lamps. Apart from HID lamps, HID burners and ballasts are also popular among the buyers.

LED Lights

Just like CFL lamps and HID lighting equipments, LED lights have also gained popularity as equipments that contribute towards energy saving. About 80% of the electrical energy used by these equipments is converted to light which is indeed a commendable advantage over traditional lighting equipments. Moreover, these equipments have long life; available in variety of colors and designs and contribute towards overall cost saving.

Lighting with Luminaries

According to a 2010 survey, luminaries claimed more than 70% of the total lighting equipment share in the European markets. Apart from being energy efficient, these equipments are admired for being manufactured from recyclable materials. Various types of luminaries popular among the buyers include task luminaries, decorative luminaries, recessed wall luminaries and linear luminaries.

Lighting Control Equipments

Apart from CFL lamps and luminaries, there are lighting controls that have emerged as wonderful energy saving equipments for various applications. Lighting control systems have embedded processors that allow the control of various lights in a building from one source. These systems are widely used in theaters, interiors and exterior security purposes and landscape lighting as well. Dimming and turning off the light equipments according to the need is easy and rewarding with these systems. Apart from contributing towards energy efficiency, these systems also help in reducing carbon emission and promoting longer bulb life.

Other Examples

Varieties of other fluorescent lamps, apart from CFL lamps, are used for achieving energy efficiency. These include inductive fluorescent lamps and low mercury fluorescent lamps. Energy efficient blasts, including dimming electronic blasts, instant start ballasts and rapid start blasts are other useful energy efficient equipments used for lighting purposes.

You can obtain each of these lighting equipments in huge varieties for your store from businesses listed in online business directories. Having all of them under one roof will definitely add to the sales of your store.

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Source by Vaiv Jais

Benefits of Hydroponic Gardening

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Many people are talking about the benefits of hydroponic gardening systems. However, as of yet, these powerful alternatives to more traditional gardening have not fully caught on, but it’s definitely gaining ground. As more and more people are seeking ways to grow their own fruits and vegetables, this method is capturing quite a bit of attention. This environmentally friendly, space saving method of gardening is definitely something to be looked into if you’re considering growing your own foods.

The benefits of whole food are well known. For many, gardening is a way of getting past rising food costs, and being better able to enjoy healthier foods- right from their gardens. Utilizing hydroponic supplies enables them to have a garden in virtually any space available without worry about season, temperature or weather conditions. This method has actually been around for quite some time, but with a recent push towards urban gardening, has been gaining steady popularity amongst both hobby and production based gardeners.

Hydroponic gardening is basically, being able to have a garden without using soil. Utilizing a hydroponic gardening system, the plants that you intend to grow are put in a growth medium that allows for nutrients to be delivered directly to the roots. As plants do not actually require soil to thrive, many people find that soil is inefficient. The energy that is used in growing out healthy root systems in soil to find the water and nutrients could be better used in other ways. If readily available nutrition is there for those plants, they often grow up to 50% faster and more healthy.

In utilizing hydroponic supplies, gardeners can gain better control over the nutrient balance in their plants. They can also have better spacing efficiency, utilizing a smaller root system, and reduce water waste with concentrated feeding. The pH of plants, as well as the nutrient levels are easier to maintain and measure. Having greater control over the gardening conditions can help gardeners not only increase the yield of produce, but also, ensure that crops are at their nutritional peak.

Hydroponic gardening systems are also growing in popularity due to the potential benefits, both societal and environmental. Many have suggested that in using hydroponic supplies, a gardener can create more readily available food to those who may suffer impoverished conditions. Hydroponic gardening systems also ease strains on the environment- with hydroponic supplies that can be set up as recycling both nutrients and water, this reduces needed resources in food production. In these systems, they use as little as 10% of the water that soil-based agriculture needs. It also eliminates the need for pesticide and herbacide use, and fertilizer use is reduced to about 25% of what soil based gardens need.

Hydroponic gardening systems can produce roughly the same amount of food as soil gardens, using 1/5 the space, and are not dependent on growing seasons in many cases. Artificially lit hydroponic gardens can yield year round production, an advantage over traditional gardening methods. Many urban areas already utilize hydroponic gardening systems, as seen in rooftop and basement gardens.

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Source by Nicole Roberts

The Importance of Cleaning & Sanitation of Air Handling for Food Hygiene Compliance

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Food manufacturers, processors and packers are required to comply with an assortment of food safety standards and regulations. From microbiological hygiene to cross contamination and allergen control. Not only do these standards and regulations address the end food product themselves, but also the processes and facilities that are a part of the operation. Although they can sometimes appear as a hindrance, standards and regulations are essential for ensuring that food manufacturing and production operates within in a clean, safe and hygienic environment.

The whole food industry is centred around perishable products that can at some stage be effected negatively by bacteria. In the manufacturing and processing of food products there are plenty of opportunities for various airborne particles to be emitted to the indoor environment through the air handling system and duct work.

Sources of airborne contamination include:

  • Raw materials
  • Cooking and processing of food products
  • Allergens
  • Dust
  • Packaging
  • People
  • Poorly designed, cleaned or maintained air handling systems
  • Machinery, computers and equipment.

Airborne contamination control and removal of airborne bacteria should be considered in an overall plan to improve indoor air quality. The indoor air quality in a food manufacturing or food processing facility must meet certain requirements that are outlined in food hygiene audits and inspections.

Airborne Contamination Removal Methods

It is essential that a manufacturing facility provides adequate ventilation or control equipment to reduce odours and vapours in areas where they may contaminate the production process. This includes steam and VOC’s.

It is recommended that the positioning of air vents, fans and extraction units is effective for air hygiene management and the locations are determined to ensure that the potential for airborne contamination is minimised. Care also needs to be taken to ensure that the air is moving from high to low care areas or from low to higher dust loading areas.

Properly designed air handling systems control airborne particulates and odours, therefore minimising the risks to products from airborne contamination by infectious pathogens. Pathogens such as Salmonella and Listeria, toxigenic pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and finally spoilage microorganisms such as yeast, moulds, Pseudomonas and lactic acid bacteria.

More Than Just Hygiene

Not only do air handling systems help to reduce the cross contamination caused by these airborne impurities, but they also important to ensure efficient air filtration and distribution. Effective air filtration and distribution helps to remove the heat imposed by the processes and people within a food factory. They also provide sufficient fresh air, prevent the ingress of airborne contamination and avoid regions of stagnant air.

Manufacturers can sometimes overlook the temperature within their production environments. Food manufacturing facilities that operate at temperatures below 13OC could be damaging their production. Evidence shows that it is prejudicial to food safety to ensure that the air distribution maintains a steady temperature above 13OC, unless there are specific outlined requirements. A clean and efficiently operating air handling system can ensure effective air mapping and have the ability to control temperatures across an entire facility.

A Breeding Ground for Bacteria

However, no matter how well a ventilation system works, grease and other extracted products will build up in the ducting and air handling units of an extraction system. As a result, dust and bacteria will accumulate in the air ducts and air handling systems. These contaminants are pulled into the HVAC system and re-circulated up to 10 times per day, on average. Over time, this re-circulation causes a build-up of contaminants in the duct work, these then become a breeding ground for bacteria and mould.

The build-up of dust, dirt and grease in air ducts can result in significant health & safety issues due to potential fire hazards and poor performance.

Reduced effectiveness of an extraction system, can impact on equipment service life. Furthermore, it has the potential for more serious problems later down the line.

The Importance of Cleaning

Air system hygiene is controlled by regular cleaning (and disinfection) to prevent the build-up of dust, product or condensate that may provide a focus for microbial growth. Without regular cleaning, air will pass through the polluted duct carrying bacteria onto or around the food process areas. Comprehensive duct work cleaning and cleanliness surveys also highlight the conditions of the ducting and help to manage any necessary repairs that could go unnoticed.

It’s Not My Job!

It is the duty of the building owner or facilities manager to ensure the maintenance and cleanliness of the duct work and air handling systems. They also need to be able to provide suitable maintenance and sanitation records to support audit compliance.

A Wealth of Benefits

As well as minimising airborne contamination and reducing health and safety risks, cleaning can yield significant long-term energy savings. When an HVAC system is not maintained and clean, it has to work harder. Research shows that dirty coils and blowers in commercial buildings can cut efficiency by as much as 40%. Consequently, when a system is running efficiently, less energy is used and that saves you money.

With lower potential for contamination, improved efficiency, and fewer health and safety risks, it is safe to say that there are a wealth of benefits that unfold from ensuring the cleanliness of your duct work and air handling systems.

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Source by Rebecca Savage

Start Your Home Design Using These Home Design Tools

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You’ve decided you want to build a new home. Where do you start? First, we suggest you purchase your land, as this will surely impact the design of your home. Second, start putting your ideas together before visiting your architect.

Start with a vision of your new home. Is there a certain architectural style you prefer? Colonial? Cape? Saltbox? Farmhouse? From there, start with the basics in home design. How many bedrooms will you need? Do you want a Master Bedroom with or without a Master Bathroom suite? Will it be located on the first or second floor? If this is a vacation home which will become your retirement home, you may prefer to have the main rooms located on the first floor for easy access in later years. Do you want a large, eat-in kitchen or a separate dining room?

Are you planning to entertain small or large groups of people in your home? Is a cathedral Great Room on your list of priorities? Will you need a living room or media room separate from your Great Room? Do you have a specific hobby or interest that requires a separate room or area?

Compare all of these areas with your current home. Does the space you have now fit your needs? Write down the measurements of your space and then mark whether or not the space is adequate. Wherever possible, look for areas to reduce the living space. For instance, if you have a large laundry room now and you only really use half of the space, mark it as a potential space saver. Anytime you reduce the square footage of your new home you will save money in initial material costs, but in energy costs over the life of the home as well.

A home fulfills many purposes, but it can also satisfy numerous personal, aesthetic, and emotional requirements that can be difficult to describe in words. In starting to imagine your home design, it will help your architect if you identify and communicate how you want each space to feel. How?

You may find it a challenge to explain how you want a room to feel. Start by doing some simple exercises. Pick up a home magazine or imagine a home you are familiar with. Find a room you like. What do you like about it? The way the afternoon sunlight casts shadows within the room? The room’s intimacy or its abundant space?

Think about other spaces you enjoy – the park, the library, your friend’s home. How does the space make you feel? What creates that feeling? Be specific, and write down what you like about it. For instance, you might write, “I like how the room’s color tones change as the sun sets” or “I love how the outdoors is brought inside”. These small realizations will help the home design to evolve from a floor plan to a custom home that is an extension of your life philosophy.

Do this for each room in your home design. It is also helpful to describe what you don’t like about certain floor plans, rooms, or space. For instance, if you are not fond of having to walk through your closet to enter your Master Bedroom, document this. Perhaps you like the great room in a magazine photo but you don’t like the television being the center of attention. Or, you may like the space but find it lacks the intimacy you’re looking for in your home – a cozy corner where you can chat with another couple, a well-lit reading area, or a secluded spot for your cell phone chargers, mail and telephone. Keep all of your notes together. Cut out full pages or small photos that describe your likes and dislikes. As you go through this process, you can update your thoughts with text and photos. Eventually, you will come to a good understanding of what you want your custom home to look and feel like. Bring your notebook to your first meeting with your architect. Starting with your vision in hand will expedite the design process while guaranteeing success.

Your custom home architect will spend time with you to guide you through this process and will translate your ideas into a preliminary design for your consideration and review. The result will be much more than a home with a standard floor plan – you will have a custom home design that matches your philosophy and lifestyle, a reflection of who you are, your dreams and aspirations.

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Source by Jeremy Bonin

HIT (High Intensity Training) – Will This Help You Build Muscle Faster?

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Mike Mentzer developed and practiced the most popular form of H.I.T. training to date. Dorian Yates used it to win six olympia titles throughout the 90’s. Two of the most densely muscular, and strongest bodybuilders of all time achieved their success through this often overlooked training system.

The fundamental principles of High Intensity Training (H.I.T.) are that exercise sessions should be brief, infrequent and intense. Exercises performed with a high level of effort or intensity are thought to stimulate the body to increase in muscularity and size. There is a great emphasis on rest and recovery more so than in any other training method out there.

In the weight room, a high level of intensity for example is performing an exercise to the point of muscular failure. After reaching muscular failure you increase the intensity even further by performing three to five post fatigue repetitions. Increasing weight, decreasing reps, and increasing the number of body parts trained in one session are all a big part of what High Intensity Training (H.I.T.) is all about.

A period of 48 to 72 hours is necessary for muscle tissue to properly recover from high intensity strength training. So train only two to three times a week when using H.I.T.. Performing any more than three sessions a week can become counter productive due to catabolic results.

There are a large number of skeptics who dispute the methods and the results claimed by advocates of High Intensity Training. Mike Mentzers H.I.T. design was thought to be so brief and intense that it could only be used and applied to professional bodybuilding at its highest levels, but practical application has proven this false.

With hundreds of “everyday” practitioners getting better results than they had ever before using traditional methods of training, many believe that the High Intensity Training methods lead to chronic injury, fatigue, loss of appetite, increased muscle and joint pain, insomnia, and the list seems to go on. Dorian Yates himself was plagued by near career ending injuries throughout his reign as Mr.O.

Since H.I.T. is a proven system of training for building muscle, easy to implement, and time saving, why is it that people find it difficult to break from traditional training methods and mindsets that preach massive amounts of workout volume and backbreaking work over the H.I.T. mentality which is short, sharp sessions with only a handful of sets and exercises?

There are several factors, not in the least, being misinformation and training attitude. So, for most of us training , with average genetics, and no performance enhancing drugs, it would be a worthwhile test to try a training cycle where you train less often and more intensely.

It’s quite possible that trying a totally different style of training may stimulate brand new results and muscle gains that can help to break you out of your plateau.

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Source by Maureen Kurman

Cost of Biomass Compared Fossil Fuel Cost

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The skyrocketing price of fuels is posing a threat to the entire economy as well as the average consumer. In such situations, the use of Biomass energy can be a possible solution. Biomass is a biological or a natural material that can be used to produce energy. The sources of Biomass comprise a wide variety of materials such as dead trees, unused crops, forest and mill residues, animal wastes, aquatic plants and municipal and agricultural wastes.

When these materials are burned as fuel to produce energy, we get biomass energy. Other biomass materials such as ethanol, which is produced from corn and other leftover crops and biodiesel, which is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats can be used to create biomass energy that can even power transportation vehicles.

Today, biomass fuels are readily available. But biomass energy only accounts for about three per cent of energy used yearly in the United States. The main reason is the production cost of various bio energy fuels. The production cost does not match the production price of fossil fuels such as coal. This means the commercial production of Biomass is quite far-fetched at present. Hence there is an urgent need to cut down the production cost to make bio energy affordable. There should be an economic analysis of the commercialization of Biomass and concentration should be more on a wider commercial market. This will help to lower the production cost of biomass. According to Haq Z. in his book “Biomass for Electricity Generation” (2004) “By 2020, the United States is estimated to have a maximum of 7.1 quadrillion Btu of biomass available at prices of $5 per million Btu or lower.”

The society needs to be more open to the use of biomass as an energy resource. The trash that goes into our landfills can be readily used to produce Biomass. There will be no dependency on fossil fuels. This, in turn, will help the world economy as well as the environment.

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Source by Pauline Go

BMW Is Electric

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It is our collective and individual responsibility… to preserve and tend to the environment in which we all live – Dalai Lama

BMW cars have always been more than just automobiles. They are something like a Swiss Army knife; a finely crafted tool with everything you need for whatever the road throws at you. A BMW is a purpose built machine that you wear like a Robot Man suit, one so technically advanced; you need to be a rocket scientist to understand all its intricacies. To appreciate all that potential and to fully understand why BMW makes their cars this way; all you need to do is drive one.

With the world spiraling into a climate change abyss, and the future of petroleum about as secure as Lindsey Lohans next movie role, everyone is turning to greener vehicles. Hybrids and electric cars are no longer trendy toys, but have become a necessary and important cornerstone in the plan for freedom from oil. Once limited by bad technology and a microscopic range, the electric car is being reborn as a viable alternative to the beloved internal combustion engine. BMW has joined the fray with not just a new car, but an entire new car line. The BMW i8 Concept is the one of the first of a group of cars being produced by BMW i, a new sub-brand for the commercialization of low-emission (green) vehicles.

Along with the i8, BMW plans to introduce a convertible roadster version called the i8 Spyder, as well as a small electric hatchback called the i3. The i8 hybrid electric vehicles are designed to combine the sportiness of regular BMW cars, with the fuel economy of a small car. The design features a new BMW Vision Efficient Dynamic Concept which is an innovative plug-in hybrid that combines the modified electric drive system of the i3 Concept. The electric motor is fitted over the front axle with a rear mounted high performance three-cylinder combustion engine to extend range. The engine will act as an on-board generator and BMW promises acceleration of 0-62MPH in less than 5 seconds, along with an estimated 86MPG.

Key to this configuration is torque, which is available from a standing start and will give uninterrupted acceleration. The battery technology is based on ultra-powerful lithium-ion cells with an integrated liquid cooling system for ideal operating temperatures. The car can be charged from a domestic power supply system, and can drive 20+ miles on battery power alone. The architecture is known as LifeDrive, and is basically a weight-efficient layered approach to car design. The lower layer is the Drive section, which encompasses the chassis, battery array, powertrain, suspension, steering and brakes. The upper layer is the Life section, which is a carbon fiber reinforced plastic passenger cell. This is the first time carbon fiber is being used on a mass-market vehicle, and was developed here in the United States. The two sections are joined by just four bolts and industrial grade adhesive. Using this setup, BMW promises a low center of gravity, perfect 50/50 weight distribution and amazing handling.

The i8 is amazingly beautiful, with sweeping lines and a flat silhouette. It features a large transparent greenhouse (though I doubt the production version will remain unchanged) with doors that swing upwards like wings. The car is sculptural and organic, with a distinctive kinetic wedge shape and a forward-surging stance. From the front, the car has typical BMW design cues which are augmented by two U-shaped full-LED light configurations. There is also a black semi-transparent V that rises from the hood and offers a glimpse of the electric motor and carbon fiber Life cell. In the back there are three-dimensional air outlets, a massive rear diffuser and “floating” tail lights that match the U-shape headlights. Both the headlights and tail lights pulse like the heart of some futuristic monster and the effect is jaw-dropping.

Inside the i8 are large transparent surfaces in the doors and roof which gives each section of the car the appearance of merging together. The interior is finished in a layered design with a Porcelain White support structure, a black technical level and a comfort section finished in Mocha Brown. The effect is modern and comforting at the same time, and the dashboard and center console is clean of excessive buttons and switches. The instrument cluster is made up of a large display with information delivered in a three-dimensional high-resolution format. There is also a center mounted freestanding information display. The i8 is expected to be priced about $122,000 USD. Production is expected to start sometime in 2014.

Article Courtesy of Chris Raymond

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Source by Chris Raymond

Reduce the Energy Consumption of Your Pink Fridge

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In this day and day we are all told to cut down our energy consumption. Just switch on the television, listen to the radio or turn the pages of newspapers, the advice is to turn down energy consumption. There are things we hear about in the media that are not necessarily always the best of suggestions. With energy consumption, however, it is a good idea for us to follow some of the messages.

We are currently in an economic downturn and everyone is looking to save and reduce costs. In the home, energy consumption is one of the bigger factors to consider in our budget. Naturally by cutting down on our consumption our bills are going to become lower. With energy supplies set to dwindle in the coming years, energy prices are predicted to increase for households. Its a factor that provides additional reasons to become familiar with energy reduction. In the home your pink fridge will be one of the biggest users of electricity. You can take steps to cut down its consumption save money of the energy bill. You may want to consider the following steps:

  • Do not over fill your pink fridge. A full refrigerator has to use more energy to stay at the required temperature then a fridge that is not over-flowing.
  • Open the door(s) less and for the shortest time possible. Prevents air from the room combining with air from the fridge which increases the temperature inside. The air inside the fridge has to be cooled over again using more energy.
  • Hot foods should not be placed in the fridge or freezer compartments. Best to wait for foods to cool to the temperature of the room before placing them inside.
  • Make sure your pink fridge or freezer is located in an area with space. Leaving a minimum of 2 inches of space around the fridge provides an escape for the energy produced by the condenser coils. The result is a less build up of heat and the fridge is not over-worked. Also keep the pink fridge freezer away from direct sunlight and other items in the home that produce heat such as a radiator.
  • If the pink fridge is not going to be used for a long period, empty its contents and turn its electricity supply off.
  • Stop the use of Ice Maker. Running an Ice Maker on a regular and constant basis increases energy usage by up to 20 percent. Using ice trays instead can drastically reduce the energy usage.
  • Cooling coils of the pink fridge should be kept dust free to ensure its operating at full efficiency.

These are a few steps that can help reduce the energy consumption of your pink fridge.

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Source by Bal Sella