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Computer Use in the Food Manufacturing Industry

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Food manufacturing and processing is one of the success stories of the global economy. Food production is now not just a local industry as food products are now transported across the globe allowing a huge variety of products to be available on our supermarket shelves.

One of the reasons for food productions success has been the embracing of modern technology that has allowed many processes in the food production industry to be automated.

The food industry does pose unique challenges when it comes to automation and computerisation such as the prevalence of water in food production areas. Various laws and good working practices mean that food production areas are regularly washed or hosed-down. This can cause obvious problems to computer or touchscreen if they are used nearby as water will have catastrophic effects on any computer system.

Many food production of manufacturing areas turn to waterproof computer enclosures to protect their computer systems from wash down. Industrial computer enclosures are designed to international guidelines to ensure they can operate safely in washdown environments with the waterproof PC enclosure even allowing the systems to be hosed down themselves.

The European IP 65 or International NEMA 4 rating system are often used to describe the waterproofing of a computer enclosure. Many wash down areas contain IP 65 computer enclosures as they can also be manufactured out of food grade stainless steel ensuring they don’t corrode and can continually be kept clean.

Waterproof LCd enclosures and waterproof touchscreen enclosures can also be manufactured from the same material.

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Source by Richard N Williams

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What Did Thomas Edison Invent in 1879?

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Thomas Edison in 1879 invented the incandescent light bulb to replace the candle. This light bulb is the one that we normally see but in 2012 we will have to use a new type of light bulb. This new light bulb that some of us may have seen or use is called the compact fluorescent or CFL. It has the same type of base but a spiral bulb on top. On Wednesday December 19, 2007, the U.S. Congress in Washington D.C. approved a new energy law to stop the manufacturing of the old fashion light bulb to a new less energy using light bulb.

Question: Why are they taking the old fashion light bulb away?

Answer: It is a low cost way to reduce electricity use and greenhouse gases from power plants.

Question: CFL’s cost more, about six times as much, why buy them?

Answer: CFL’s use about 75% less energy, so you save money on your energy bill.

Question: How long do they last?

Answer: CFL’s last for five years instead of for a few months just don’t turn them on and off all the time.

Question: Are the CFL’s bad for the environment?

Answer: There is some mercury in them, 100 times less than a thermometer, but they should be recycled without any problems.

Question: Is this it for any new lighting for another 100 years?

Answer: Manufactures are working on better CFL’s and LED lighting, which are used in some holiday lighting.

In conclusion, President Bush should sign this new energy law. Our Congress is doing a good job of protecting our environment and trying to save us money. Almost anyone can afford to change to these new bulbs. It is less money than installing a new home heating system or new windows throughout a home. My home already has CFL lighting in almost all of our fixtures and lamps. I think this is an enlightening idea!

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Source by D DeAngelis

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How Does Strata Law Work?

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In New South Wales there are three Acts of Parliament which regulate strata. Together these acts are commonly called the ‘strata schemes legislation’. The three acts are the Strata Schemes (Freehold Developement) Act 1973 (NSW) which commenced on 1 July 1974; the Strata Schemes (Leashold Development) Act 1986 (NSW) which commenced on 1 March 1989; and the Strata Schemes Management Act 1996 (NSW) which commenced on 1 July 1997.

As of 30 June 2006 there were approximately 63,660 schemes in New South Wales, housing over one million people and it is expected that by 2020 over 50% of the residential population of Sydney will be housed in this type of accommodation. A freehold scheme is a scheme in which a person can buy ownership of a lot in the scheme, whilst a leasehold scheme does not allow a person to do this, instead permitting the person to buy a lease of a lot in the scheme.

As far as the management of the scheme is concerned, there are a number of functions which are given to the Director General of the Department of Commerce. The Director General’s functions can be summarised as including ‘firstly’ a role of providing information and education. The act states that the Director General is to provide information to owners, occupiers, owners corporations, lessors of leashold schemes, managing agents and the public about the Act and services provided by the Director General. The Director General’s reply to a letter concerning a query relating to a strata scheme may sometimes resolve a potential dispute, thus saving both time and money for all concerned.

The act also states that the Director General is to arrange for the mediation of disputes or complaints within a scheme or, if they consent, for two adjoining strata schemes. Finally, the Director General may intervene in proceedings before the Tribunal if the Director General is of the opinion that it would be in the public interest to do so.

Having a practical working knowledge of the this complex Act, its regulations and bylaws is essential for owners who wish participate in the day to day control, management and administration of a strata scheme. This knowledge will also help owners exercise effectively the rights and entitlements available to them. The first step in acquiring this working knowledge is to be aware of the layout of the legislation.

The Act is divided into six chapters containing approximately 249 sections, four schedules and a dictionary. The Chapters deal firstly with what is considered ‘preliminary’. It then deals with the management of strata schemes, then key management areas, then owners, occupiers and other persons with interests in the lots, then disputes and orders of adjudicators of tribunals, then administration of the act itself and then general matters.

This is only a brief summary of how the strata shcemes legislation operates in New South Wales. If you would like more information please do not hesitate to contact the author.

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Source by David A Coleman

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Thinking of Visiting Northern Ireland?

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Holidaying in Northern Ireland – Hills, lakes and pretty much everything else!

The moment you set your foot on Ireland, you would be greeted by one word – Diversity! And Northern Ireland, is possibly the best testimonial to this. All the more reasons why holidaying in Northern Ireland can be a fun affair for sure.

Places you must visit during your holidaying in Northern Ireland

Belfast, Downpatrick (Known as Dun Padraig to the locals) and Armagh should ideally be your first stops in your trip to this lovely country.

Belfast, the capital city, resembles a very peaceful look today, which is quite the opposite of what has been happening in this city in the past. Being the political epicenter of Northern Ireland, Belfast has had its share of troubles, all of which seem non-existent today, and what you have in Belfast today is an assortment of restaurants, cafes, pubs and other places of interests.

23 miles down south of Belfast, you must visit Downpatrick during your holiday. This place is one of the most well preserved historical sites in this part of the world. In Downpatrick, don’t miss visiting the Hill of Down, a place famous for St. Patrick’s arrival.

Armagh, better known as Irish Rome to quite a few, is an absolute mix of cathedrals, museums and a planetarium. Armagh’s history is rich and importantly, it is still regarded to be the seat of the Protestant Church of Archbishop of Armagh of Ireland.

Booking your holiday in Northern Ireland – Time matters

If you to explore all what the country has to offer you, choosing the time to visit may count a lot! Though, the weather during July and August is considered to be most conducive for tourism, this is the time when hotel rates could be sky high. You could plan your holidaying in Northern Ireland in the months of June and September, as during these months, the weather is comfortable and the rates too are not that expensive.

The Giant’s Causeway, County Fermanagh and Cave Hill Country Park offer you the diversity that you so much came to Ireland for. While County Fermanagh is known for its lakes and rivers, the Cave Hill Country Park talks a lot of Cave Hill, the largest of hills surrounding Belfast.

If you wish your holiday here to be an absolute breeze, all you got to do is book a car that will take you around to different places of interest. All in all – holidaying in Northern Ireland is all about how much fun you can have in this part of the world.

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Source by Stephen McBride

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Bringing South African Biltong Into the UK and EU

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When the earliest Dutch and European settlers travelled to South Africa they took with them something special; the basic recipe for Biltong. The idea of curing and drying meat had been around for centuries, probably millennia, and was also found amongst existing residents. South Africa’s abundance of game made it an ideal place for European settlers to establish themselves, and the tradition of air-dry cured meat was the ideal way to make the most of this abundance. Biltong has evolved into a delicious, versatile ‘processed’ meat, which is not only a favourite snack food, but can provide the basis for a huge range of dishes, from soups to stews to salads. You’d think the EU wouldn’t mind people bringing it back. Sadly, they do!

The Import Ban on Food Products to the EU

Biltong, unfortunately, falls under the strict regulations that the EU imposes on the import of foodstuffs. Import and export of foodstuffs between EU countries themselves is not restricted. However, the import of meat and meat products, fish, poultry and vegetable products are all subject to strict control when brought from outside of the EU. Food importers are able to import some items but the lengthy and complex process for registration and permission is more than most can cope with. So what’s the problem and what are the restrictions?

The problem, in short, is that the European authorities take the concerns over the introduction of non-native pests and diseases very seriously. An outbreak of Foot and Mouth disease in the UK in 2001 had a devastating impact on the UK’s farmers and food suppliers. This was most likely a home-grown disaster, but the authorities point to it as an example of how serious infections and disease can be. There are lesser restrictions on some dairy and poultry produce from non-EU countries but the restrictions on meat and meat products are the most stringent. Biltong, sadly for ex-pats of South Africa, falls under this category. In the past the restrictions were largely aimed at commercial importers but these have been extended to individual travellers and means that it is now illegal to bring this type of product into EU countries including the UK.

This means that there are heavy penalties for bringing ‘outlawed meat’ into the EU and they are dealt with under smuggling regulations. Entry into EU countries will be severely delayed, possibly refused or end in prosecution, if you are caught trying to ‘smuggle’ even the most innocuous of snack items into an EU state. The laws also apply to postal deliveries from distant shores, which will be classed as an attempt to import illegal foodstuffs into the country and result in the same penalties. Postal deliveries are probably more likely to be detected than attempts to accidentally bring a pack of Biltong into the EU, but neither is to be recommended and you should always check current EU regulations to avoid mistakes. Thankfully, with the number of South African residents growing in the UK and Europe, the idea of producing a little bit of home while away has resulted in Biltong production in the UK and other EU nations. Using traditional South African methods and recipes the number of biltong suppliers is on the rise. Not only providing a much needed reminder of home, but also teaching a whole new generation of Europeans about the joys of Biltong.

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Source by Lynette Holroyd

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How to Start a Medical Transportation Company Part II

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Medical transportation is not only limited to ambulettes and medivans. In many instances, ambulances are also used to meet the growing non-emergency transportation (NEMT) needs.

Ambulances, typically thought of only in regards to emergency transportation, are often enlisted to provide non-emergency transports in areas where there is a lack of adequate medivan services or areas where there is a failure in understanding of the convenience and cost-savings abilities of using ambulettes.

Unfortunately, many staff, facilities, and organizations fail to understand the versatility and cost saving opportunities that exist in using ambulettes versus using an ambulance. Typically, a NEMT being performed by an ambulette is, on average, 70 – 90 percent cheaper and more cost effective as compared to an ambulance performing the same transport of equal distance and dynamics.

The cause for this gross disparity in cost can be attributed to the simple overhead economics. The cost of vehicle, insurance, training, and equipment for an ambulance is considerably more as compared to that of an ambulette. Further an ambulance is always staffed by multiple certified EMT’s; further driving up labor and training costs. Conversely, an ambulette can be staffed by a single licensed driver trained only in state and local mandated transportation requirements. But again, this is only feasible for NEMT exclusively.

In states, counties, facilities, and areas where more and more ambulettes are being called upon to meet the non-emergency transportation needs of the growing elderly and disabled, there is a greater reduction in financial costs to insurance companies, Medicaid and Social Services, brokers, hospitals, non for profit organizations, and the like. At a time when budgetary concerns are being critically tested, such savings in using more ambulettes for non-emergency transportation needs is not only sensible and practical, but it’s critical. Rather than reimbursing an ambulance service thousands of dollars for a single non-emergency transport, the cost to private-paying clients and facilities alike for a comparable transport can literally be reduced to a hundred or so dollars!

Needless to say, as we move forward with ever growing medical and transportation needs, coupled with changes in health care practice and policies, the need for practical and cost effective non-emergency transportation solutions will become more apparent. The need for safe and adequate services will increase with a continued attention on overall cost of delivery of such services, hence, the growing opportunity of non-emergency transportation services.

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Source by Joel E Davis

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How To Choose The Best Air Duct Cleaning Service In Fargo ND – Tips To Get Really Clean Air Ducts

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What should you look for in an air duct cleaning company here in the Fargo-Moorhead area? Although there are many companies to choose from large and small, here are a few tips that can help you make the right decision.

Tip #1- Ask how the company cleans your air ducts and furnace. Cleaning air ducts involves simply removing dust and debris from the ducts of your heating and cooling system, along with the furnace itself. Some companies use pressurized air and a vacuum to suck up the dust, other companies use a high tech cable/brush system to “wipe” the dust out of your system with powerful vacuums that suck up the dust and debris.

Tip #2- Ask WHO will be doing the work. This is important. If the company you choose is extremely large, they might send a new or newly trained employee/tech out to your home to clean. This might be fine for some jobs, but sometimes these techs do not have the attention to detail needed to get your heating/cooling systems really clean. Other companies have the owner/operator and perhaps company partners doing the work, which usually results in much better end results.

Tip #3- Ask about a firm quote. Make sure you get a firm quote from the company before they do the work. Most companies in the Fargo-Moorhead area provide a free consultation for air duct cleaning, but be sure to ask when you call. Beware of companies advertising a very low price. Often, these are “bait and switch” offers that may end up costing you more than you expect because they will try to “upsell” you extra services that should probably already be included in the price. Some companies not only provide a free quote up front, but also give you a video camera inspection so you can see exactly what condition your air duct system is in.

Tip #4- Ask for references. This is good because any company that does a good job should have willing satisfied clients they can use as references. Beware of companies that do not readily give this information.

These four tips should arm you with the information and questions you need to ask when you call an air duct cleaning company in the Fargo-Moorhead area. This will help you find the right company and get the best service available.

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Source by John Mctighe

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Ruined Rural Economy India – Crocodile Snuffles Part 8

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In my previous article Part-7 while I have tried to bring out the culpability of Government of West Bengal and the State Police in brutal and senseless killing of innocent farmers on 14 March 2007 on one side; today I would touch up on the necessity of creating Special Economic Zone (SEZ) on other. I would also like to expand my debate about the Frog Perception Approach (FPA) of Montek Singh in making various faulty divergent financial scheduling for the country’s farmers. MM-PC-MS (Man Mohan- P Chidambaram- Montek Singh) trio in their wisdom had definitely planned to grow the country’s economy but without realizing it left a devastating effect on our National Rural Economy (NRE). The present team had ensured that India produces more criminals than honorable citizens. Though no one wants to be criminal; but the sky rocking prices have by and large left no choice to citizens. Infact my various Economic Development and Employment Models (EDEM) are, by and large, applicable to the entire world developing nations which are trying to lure glittering life style of five star hotels into their country and neglecting rural farming sectors without realizing the bad social effect.

Firstly of all I would like to debate about the cosmetic effects of packages for which the government is very popular. Whether it is Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra or Andra Pradesh, the current planners believe in delivering Package Theory rather than Development Approach. The agony of this nation is that our leadership exhibits lack of concern in solving the critical issues of, as to how Indian landless farmers are committing suicide; but they are more worried how farmers’ offspring would repay loans? The trios’ perception of growing Indian economy as debt economy is ruining the Indian industrialist sector also. The Prime Minster had in his wisdom released over rupees 300 Crores loan Package to farmers in Maharashtra without realizing that our farmers are committing suicide to overcome the debt burden only. What a shameless leadership we have, that now days, anywhere anything happens; Indian leaders weigh everything with money. Whether, it is a case of heinous crimes against children in Nithari villages, accidental deaths of passengers in mountains or farmer’s suicide, they are evaluating everything equally. These leaders, after reaching at the sites, begin to announce distribution of Public money in lakhs like throwing away tomatoes on a leader in public rally. While a soldier’s family, who makes supreme sacrifice of his live for this corrupt Nation, gets just rupees two to three lakhs after running around for months behind corrupt officials; a political voter is paid up to rupees ten lakhs instantly for doing nothing. Who would like to work in the country, I like leave debate open?

Secondly, Shall Indian Constitution, be amended to stop such blatant misuse of public money by political leaders through Supreme Court in future, needs a National debate? These acts of our short sighted leaders have proved beyond doubt that they are least bother for the country. They are only looking forward to complete a five years Elected Contractual Period (ECP) by hook and crook to plunder and publicized country’s resources. If this trait would have not been our basic trait, then India would have not been ruled since 642 AD. The basic cause of our farmers ignominy does not lies in the high profile lives of urban areas but in the heart of remotest ruined village where his soul lives. I have been repeatedly emphasizing that our National Planning Commission has to review the farming sectors with a view:

oOne; revive sinking agro industry;

oTwo; create basic market infrastructure to accommodate farmers produces;

oThree; encourage large scale joint and small private farming methods;

oFour; study to create large part of land as specialized crops cultivating areas such as sugarcane in green belt of Uttar Pradesh, potatoes in Himachal Pradesh, wheat in Punjab, rice in West Bengal and coastal states, beetroots, Maize and pulses in Rajasthan Haryana etc;

oFive; ensure provision of best quality National Seed production and not the one seasonal hybrid to ruin farmers if crop fails;

oSix; prepare a comprehensive Farmers Debt Reduction Tribunal (FDRT) in each state to identify and give relief to genuinely suffering farmers;

oSeven; finally ensure that every inch of cultivating land is irrigated till 2015 in the country irrespective of a place or desert area.

Thirdly now I will touch upon the miserable impact of hybrid seeds on Indian farmers as evident in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and many other states. These farmers have been brought to the brinks of forced buying of a kilogram of seed package costing over rupees 80 and above. The agony is that the crop of these hybrid seeds cannot be grown as seed. The old Indian inheritance of farming seed techniques to grow own seeds from previous crops has been nearly wiped out with World Trade logo of patent right. Our leaders are to be totally blamed for such lapses.

On 13 March 2007, our agricultural minister has woken up to announce to initiate steps to regulate Maize crop’s open market business not to benefit the farmers but to once again help middlemen who had earned millions through black marketeering. Our Agriculture Minister is so blindly involved in bat and ball politics of Cricket with Mr Dalmia that the news of farmers’ committing suicide never reaches to him. When he is busy in counting Sixes of cricketers, he does not have the time to look for single run farmer dying. He is more or less a disinterested person who was just given a Ministry to keep in junta. Any action of government in helping debt ridden farmers is looking like crocodile’s snuffles rather than assistance.

Readers would be surprised to know as to how nicely our left parties have left out farmer’s suicide issues? These so-called secular leftists have never been part of any development planning of the country. To remain tied to the chair, these leaders do not see killing of innocent farmers. After every brutal assault on farmers, they just carryout one day meeting in air-conditioned room or on streets and other than issuing a statement condemning government action, end their responsibility to return to their nests. What an agony?

Fourthly, I will further debate about the sinking rural areas purchasing/buying powers inequality with urban people. Today, the resultant loss of market’s finished products sale and purchase ratio is far higher than past. Why have we ruined our farming sector is not understood but how our leaders had siphoned off billions of rupees abroad can be well imagined with the rising computer savvy budgets. I would rather once again state that to make any country’s economy grow, the leaders have to develop first Rural and than Urban industries. The models of Japan growing economy and United States rural planners if can not be adopted certainly Raja Todarmal,s Agriculture development can be implemented in the world. Until unless a country makes her villages prosper, where over 90% buying power lies, she can never develop her economy. The Chinese market crisis of finish products of poor quality have flooded South East Asian Nation’s markets because of lost rural purchasing power. If country like China, being the most populated country, has to search market to sell finish products than what would be the future of India’s products whose quality are much substandard? I once again hope that our leaders would review our rural sectors growth to avoid farmer’s suicide. I would further dwell on my renaissances efforts of rejuvenating world farming sector

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Source by S Kalpna Sharma

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What Is En61000-4-2 ESD Simulator

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Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) test systems otherwise called “ESD Guns” play a significant role in product development stages. Their appropriate use is viewed as vital for any Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing facility. There are several kinds of test systems to look over, such as the ones that test the components as per the charged device model (CDM), human body model (HBM), or machine model (MM), and system-level tests as elaborated in standards, for example, IEC 61000-4-2. In this article, we are going to get a deeper insight into en61000-4-2 ESD simulator. Read on.

Aside from allowing test engineers and specialist technicians to test an item as per IEC 61000-4-2, the ESD simulator permits EMC experts and product developers to rapidly acquire and access important data about the robustness of the Equipment under test (EUT).

ESD test systems produce an extremely high voltage, high current, high-frequency content pulse. At the point when this pulse is applied to the EUT, test deficiencies appear as programmed resets, and program crashes. Other forms of product activities, or by-product may not meet the required specs.

An investigation of the root causes often shows the emergence of failure mechanisms of these EUT failure modes, such as significant circuit loops, deficient power decoupling, and inferior grounding within the PCB.

Other forms of design deficiencies that fail the ESD test include deficient insufficient EMI suppression incorporated into I/O ports, missing or inaccurately connected shields, insufficient holding of panels and internal shields, just to name a few.

The entirety of this important information concerning the EUT’s lack of robustness to EMI transients is acquired effectively and rapidly with a single basic apparatus – the ESD Simulator.

Main Functioning Principle

The contact discharge test method involves maintaining contact between the ESD simulator and the equipment under test (EUT) while the discharges are applied. Since this type of testing eliminates numerous environmental variables that can frequently have a major influence on test results, EN/IEC 61000-4-2 says that contact discharge is the preferable test technique.

The other primary technique of testing for ESD immunity that is often required is air discharge testing. It requires bringing the ESD generator (energy excess) towards the equipment under test (EUT) until the potential gets sufficient to overcome the gap and discharge happens.

Why should you use an ESD Gun?

There is no need to spend a significant amount of time setting up the EUT in an EMC chamber, monitoring over a wide frequency range, and simply waiting for long periods while carefully examining the EUT until a valid failure is detected.

And all of this happens when conducting a typical radiated or conducted radio frequency (RF) immunity test. Using ESD simulators, design work may be done on the spot, utilizing a basic test setup and ground reference plane.

The bonus is that the same EUT design modifications made to pass ESD testing frequently help pass other types of EMC tests to which the EUT would likely be exposed.

The Takeaway

In short, those who are familiar with the functionality of an ESD test system can easily acknowledge the effectiveness of the ESD simulator and how that can be efficiently used by product designers and developers.

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Source by Shalini M

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Save Money by Saving Energy

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Using less energy is not only better for the environment it will also save you money! The Energy Saving Trust estimates that by putting energy-saving measures into place, the average UK household could save up to £250 a year.

How much money can I save?

You can save quite a lot without even buying specifically energy-efficient products. The average 42″ plasma screen television uses consumes roughly 300W of energy per hour. If it is on for 4 hours every evening, it will cost approximately £4.90 a month to run. By simply powering it down completely when not in ise it instead of leaving it on standby you can reduce this cost by a third immediately.

Computers are also likely to rack up your bill. Did you know that a single computer left on 24 hours a day will cost you over £50 a year in electricity? If you switch it off whenever you are not using it, you could reduce this figure to under £10!

Make sure you’re getting the best energy deal

Make sure you’re getting the best price for your gas and electricity. There are plenty of comparison sites out there on the internet that you can use to measure your provider against others and see whether you’re getting a good deal or not. It may be worth your while to switch.

Use an energy tracker

Have you ever wondered how much it costs to boil a kettle or to straighten your hair? An energy tracker is an easy to use device that will help you keep track of your consumption. Once you have programmed in the tariff, simply plug in your appliance and the energy tracker will provide you with an instant read-out of the running cost. If you are aware of the costs it’s much easier to reduce your consumption and save money.

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Source by Dale A Davies